Geodesy via GPS and INSAR integration

7,768,441

12/481241

June 09, 2009

A method for representing surface deformation measurements, including providing InSAR data, wherein the InSAR data is line of sight InSAR data; providing Global Positioning System (GPS) data; filtering the InSAR data; assembling the GPS data over a time span; resolving the GPS data into a line of sight direction; determining a correction; generating a corrected line of sight image; generating a plurality of XY motion maps, wherein generating includes: correlating a plurality of XY motions from a plurality of GPS sites with a gradient of the corrected line of site image; determining a correlation coefficient; and building a plane of XY motion using at least one of the plurality of XY motions; using the correlation coefficient to produce a linear combination of the plurality of XY motion maps; and using the linear combination to convert the InSAR data to vertical motion.

Davis, Eric (El Cerrito, CA, US); Marsic, Scott (San Francisco, CA, US)

Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. (Duncan, OK, US)

1. A method for refining surface deformation measurements, comprising: providing InSAR data, wherein the InSAR data is line of sight InSAR data; providing Global Positioning System (GPS) data; filtering the InSAR data using a two dimensional convolution filter; assembling the GPS data over a time span that matches the InSAR data; resolving the GPS data into a line of sight direction represented by the InSAR data; determining a correction, wherein determining the correction includes: matching the InSAR data with the GPS data at one or more correction points along the line of sight direction; and fitting a plane to the InSAR data, wherein the plane makes an average line of sight deformation around an edge of a scene represented by the InSAR data equal to zero; generating a corrected line of sight image, wherein the generating includes applying the correction to the InSAR data using a minimally curved surface between a plurality of known points; generating a plurality of XY motion maps, wherein generating includes: correlating a plurality of XY motions from a plurality of GPS sites with a gradient of the corrected line of site image; determining a correlation coefficient, wherein the correlation coefficient is a percentage that represents how dependent calculation of the XY motion will be upon the gradient of the corrected line of site image; and building a plane of XY motion using at least one of the plurality of XY motions; using the correlation coefficient to produce a linear combination of the plurality of XY motion maps; and using the linear combination to convert the InSAR data to vertical motion.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding a differential image to the InSAR data, wherein the differential image represents a difference between the InSAR data prior to filtering and the InSAR data after filtering.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the filter is at least one of a cone shape and a Gaussian shape.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein fitting a plane to the InSAR data further includes using one or more edge points of the plane as an additional correction factor.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the correlating is performed for both a motion magnitude and a direction.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the gradient of the corrected line of site image is taken from the line of sight deformation.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the gradient of the corrected line of site image is taken from a vertical direction.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein correlating a plurality of XY motions includes using a first order fit and forcing the gradient of the corrected line of site image to pass through a coordinate (0,0) of the XY map.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein building a plane of XY motion includes: using only the XY motion measured at the GPS sites; assuming a zero XY motion around the scene perimeter; and interpolating XY motion between the GPS sites and the scene perimeter.

10. A method comprising: determining a surface deformation map that includes motion along a slant-range axis that is offset from a horizontal axis and a vertical axis; receiving data defining at least one land location within an area that is within the surface deformation map, wherein the data defining the at least one land location comprises more than one axis motion of the at least one land location; converting the motion along the slant-range axis of the surface deformation map to vertical motion, using the more than one axis motion of the at least one land location; and correcting the surface deformation map using the vertical motion derived from the motion along the slant-range axis.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the more than one axis motion comprises a three axis motion, wherein the three axis motion includes two horizontal motion axes and a vertical motion axis.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the determining of the surface deformation map comprises collecting data from an airborne radar operation.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the surface deformation map comprises a surface deformation map of a land surface.

14. The method of claim 10 , wherein receiving the data defining the at least one land location comprises receiving the data from a Global Positioning System (GPS).

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the determining of the surface deformation map comprising determining the surface deformation map from Interfermetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising filtering the InSAR data using a two dimensional convolution filter prior to converting the motion along the slant-range axis.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein converting the motion along the slant-range axis of the surface deformation map to the vertical motion comprises determining a correction, wherein determining the correction includes: matching the InSAR data with the data from the GPS at one or more correction points along a line of sight direction represented by the InSAR data; fitting a plane to the InSAR data, wherein the plane makes an average line of sight deformation around an edge of a scene represented by the InSAR data equal to zero; and generating a corrected line of sight image, wherein the generating includes applying the correction to the InSAR data using a minimally curved surface between a plurality of known points.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein converting the motion along the slant-range axis of the surface deformation map to the vertical motion comprises generating a corrected line of sight image, wherein the generating includes applying the correction to the InSAR data using a minimally curved surface between a plurality of known points.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein converting the motion along the slant-range axis of the surface deformation map to the vertical motion comprises generating a plurality of two horizontal axis motion maps, wherein generating includes: correlating a plurality of two horizontal axis motions from a plurality of GPS sites with a gradient of the corrected line of sight image; determining a correlation coefficient, wherein the correlation coefficient is a percentage that represents how dependent calculation of the two horizontal axis motion will be upon the gradient of the corrected line of sight image; and building a plane of interpolated two horizontal axis motion using at least one of the plurality of two horizontal axis motions; using the correlation coefficient to produce a linear combination of the plurality of two horizontal axis motion maps; and using the linear combination to convert the InSAR data to vertical motion.

20. A computer-readable medium that provides instructions, which when executed by a machine, cause said machine to perform operations comprising: receiving data for surface deformation that includes motion along a slant-range axis that is offset from a horizontal axis and a vertical axis, wherein the data is received from an airborne radar operation; determining a surface deformation map of a land surface derived the data that includes the motion along the slant-range axis; receiving data along a three axis motion defining at least one land location within an area that is within the surface deformation map, using a Global Positioning System (GPS); converting the data that includes the motion along the slant-range axis to vertical motion, using the data along the three axis motion; and correcting the surface deformation map using the vertical motion derived from the motion along the slant-range axis.

21. The computer-readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the airborne radar operation comprises Interfermetric Synthetic Aperture Radar.

22. The computer-readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the airborne radar operation captures the at least one image using a same beam mode.

23. The computer-readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the surface deformation map comprises a surface deformation map of a land surface.

24. The computer-readable medium of claim 20 , wherein the determining of the surface deformation map comprising determining the surface deformation map from Interfermetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data.

25. The computer-readable medium of claim 24 , further comprising filtering the InSAR data using a two dimensional convolution filter prior to converting the data that includes the motion along the slant-range axis.

26. The computer-readable medium of claim 25 , wherein converting the data that includes the motion along the slant-range axis to the vertical motion comprises determining a correction, wherein determining the correction includes: matching the InSAR data with the data from the GPS at one or more correction points along a line of sight direction represented by the InSAR data; fitting a plane to the InSAR data, wherein the plane makes an average line of sight deformation around an edge of a scene represented by the InSAR data equal to zero; and generating a corrected line of sight image, wherein the generating includes applying the correction to the InSAR data using a minimally curved surface between a plurality of known points.

27. The computer-readable medium of claim 26 , wherein converting the data that includes the motion along the slant-range axis to the vertical motion comprises generating a corrected line of sight image, wherein the generating includes applying the correction to the InSAR data using a minimally curved surface between a plurality of known points.

28. The computer-readable medium of claim 27 , wherein converting the data that includes the motion along the slant-range axis to the vertical motion comprises generating a plurality of XY motion maps, wherein generating includes: correlating a plurality of XY motions from a plurality of GPS sites with a gradient of the corrected line of sight image; determining a correlation coefficient, wherein the correlation coefficient is a percentage that represents how dependent calculation of the XY motion will be upon the gradient of the corrected line of sight image; and building a plane of XY motion using at least one of the plurality of XY motions; using the correlation coefficient to produce a linear combination of the plurality of XY motion maps; and using the linear combination to convert the InSAR data to vertical motion.

29. An apparatus comprising: means for determining a surface deformation map that includes motion along a slant-range axis that is offset from a horizontal axis and a vertical axis; means for receiving data defining at least one land location within an area that is within the surface deformation map, wherein the data defining the at least one land location comprises a three axis motion that includes two horizontal motion axes and a vertical motion axis; means for converting the motion along the slant-range axis of the surface deformation map to vertical motion, using the more than one axis motion of the at least one land location; and means for correcting the surface deformation map using the vertical motion derived from the motion along the slant-range axis.

30. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the means for determining the surface deformation map comprises means for collecting data from an airborne radar operation.

31. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the surface deformation map comprises a surface deformation map of a land surface.

32. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the means for receiving the data defining the at least one land location comprises receiving the data from a Global Positioning System (GPS).

33. The apparatus of claim 32 , wherein the means for determining the surface deformation map comprising means for determining the surface deformation map from Interfermetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data.

34. The apparatus of claim 33 , further comprising means for filtering the InSAR data using a two dimensional convolution filter.

35. The apparatus of claim 34 , wherein the means for converting the motion along the slant-range axis of the surface deformation map to the vertical motion comprises means for determining a correction, wherein the means for determining the correction includes: means for matching the InSAR data with the data from the GPS at one or more correction points along a line of sight direction represented by the InSAR data; means for fitting a plane to the InSAR data, wherein the plane makes an average line of sight deformation around an edge of a scene represented by the InSAR data equal to zero; and means for generating a corrected line of sight image, wherein the generating includes applying the correction to the InSAR data using a minimally curved surface between a plurality of known points.

342/25R

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