Integrating texture models through regression of vibration and texture characteristics

Abstract This paper introduces an innovative integrated model designed to generalize texture models for enhanced tactile rendering in virtual environments. The integrated model comprises a two-layer regression model. The first-layer represents the relationship between probing velocity, force, and vibrational characteristics. The second-layer models the correspondence between physically grounded parameters of the target texture (such as transient frequency, displacement wavelength, and displacement amplitude) and the first-layer regression model. We present extensive data analysis to validate the model’s effectiveness. The results show that it achieves high similarity in spectral reproduction for reference data and moderate similarity for unmeasured textures. The model offers real-time performance, general applicability, and realism for various applications in tactile design and virtual content development.