نبذة مختصرة : Rice biomass, often regarded as agricultural waste, holds immense promise as a renewable resource for producing various bioproducts through biorefinery processes. The current trends of circular economy motivate the exploration of the valorization of rice biomass, particularly rice husk and straw, emphasizing their potential to promote environmental sustainability and economic viability. This review highlights recent advancements in pretreatment techniques, enzymatic saccharification, and bioconversion processes that improve the efficiency of rice biomass utilization. Key innovations, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES), microwave-assisted methods, and chemical modifications, have significantly enhanced enzymatic digestibility, facilitating bioethanol production and other value-added products. Despite these advancements, challenges in large-scale industrial adoption persist, including cost-effectiveness, feedstock variability, and process integration. The study also addresses the economic and environmental benefits of utilizing rice biomass for bio-based products, energy generation, and wastewater treatment, underscoring the role of nanomaterials like rice husk biochar in environmental remediation. Future opportunities for rice biomass valorization lie in enhancing process efficiency, waste stream valorization, and the integration of biorefinery concepts to produce multiple high-value products. Furthermore, fostering a sustainable bioeconomy requires continuous research, public policy support, and industry collaboration to overcome existing barriers. Ultimately, this review presents rice biomass as a critical resource in advancing sustainable development, contributing to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, circular resource use, and a greener future.
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