Nonequilibrium heat dissipation as a probe for detecting wavefront distortion in microscopy

Although an optical vortex (OV) is a promising means for driving cyclic Brownian dynamics of a small particle, the OV-driven dynamics cannot avoid producing additional nonequilibrium heat dissipation of a few tens of k_{B}T per cycle due to distortion of a light wavefront. We propose an adaptive wavefront-optimization concept, where minor wavefront distortion in microscopy can be probed by the additional heat dissipation itself. As a result, the additional heat dissipation was suppressed to