Contributors: Éco-Anthropologie (EA 7206); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT); Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3); Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of York York, UK; Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (ANAS); Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap); Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives - Centre de recherches archéologiques de La Courneuve (Inrap, La Courneuve); PROCLAC - Proche-Orient—Caucase : langues, archéologie, cultures (PROCLAC); École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE); Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); This project has been funded by the ANR project “Kura in Motion” and the Sorbonne University Emergence grant (PaleOxus). P.G.V. was funded by a PhD grant given by ENS de Lyon.; ANR-12-FRAL-0011,Kura in Motion!,"Kura in Motion!" Hommes, plantes et animaux dans leur dynamique au sein de la moyenne vallée de la Kura, 6e-3e millénaires BCE.(2012)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Despite the localisation of the southern Caucasus at the outskirt of the Fertile Crescent, the Neolithisation process started there only at the beginning of the sixth millennium with the Shomutepe-Shulaveri culture of yet unclear origins. We present here genomic data for three new individuals from Mentesh Tepe in Azerbaijan, dating back to the beginnings of the Shomutepe-Shulaveri culture. We evidence that two juveniles, buried embracing each other, were brothers. We show that the Mentesh Tepe Neolithic population is the product of a recent gene flow between the Anatolian farmer-related population and the Caucasus/Iranian population, demonstrating that population admixture was at the core of the development of agriculture in the South Caucasus. By comparing Bronze Age individuals from the South Caucasus with Neolithic individuals from the same region, including Mentesh Tepe, we evidence that gene flows between Pontic Steppe populations and Mentesh Tepe-related groups contributed to the makeup of the Late Bronze Age and modern Caucasian populations. Our results show that the high cultural diversity during the Neolithic period of the South Caucasus deserves close genetic analysis.
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