نبذة مختصرة : Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, whose global prevalence has increased alarmingly. Among its main complications are vascular manifestations, both macrovascular and microvascular, which compromise patients’ quality of life and survival. This integrative literature review aimed to analyze the main pathophysiological mechanisms linking DM to atherosclerosis, with emphasis on endothelial, inflammatory, oxidative, and epigenetic alterations that contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular complications. The findings indicate that chronic hyperglycemia promotes the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and persistent activation of inflammatory pathways, leading to early and sustained endothelial dysfunction. These processes culminate in the formation and instability of atherosclerotic plaques, even after glycemic control—a phenomenon known as “metabolic memory.” The integrated understanding of these mechanisms is essential for developing broader and more effective therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes. ; La diabetes mellitus (DM) es un trastorno metabólico crónico caracterizado por hiperglucemia persistente, cuya prevalencia global ha aumentado de forma alarmante. Entre sus principales complicaciones se encuentran las manifestaciones vasculares, tanto macrovasculares como microvasculares, que afectan negativamente la calidad de vida y la supervivencia de los pacientes. Esta revisión integrativa de la literatura tuvo como objetivo analizar los principales mecanismos fisiopatológicos que vinculan la DM con la aterosclerosis, con énfasis en las alteraciones endoteliales, inflamatorias, oxidativas y epigenéticas que contribuyen al desarrollo y progresión de las complicaciones cardiovasculares. Los hallazgos indican que la hiperglucemia crónica favorece la formación de productos finales de glicación avanzada ...
Processing Request
No Comments.