The Machadian inspiration in Roberto Schwarz's interpretation of Brazil: intellectual independence and negativity in the periphery of capitalism ; La inspiración machadiana en la interpretación de Brasil de Roberto Schwarz: independencia intelectual y negatividad en la periferia del capitalismo ; A inspiração machadiana na interpretação do Brasil de Roberto Schwarz: independência intelectual e negatividade na periferia do capitalismo

The aim of this article is to present the peculiar way in which Roberto Schwarz incorporated and advanced certain works of Brazilian social thought, especially those of the so-called “São Paulo sociology”, when articulating them with Adorno’s critical theory, in order to carry out an interpretation of the literary form of Machado de Assis's first novel of maturity, The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas. The discussion revolves around how this articulation between history, social theory, and literature resulted in an intellectual independence in his incorporation of the local thought, as well as in his translation and update of foreign theories considering the national context, generating a rather unique interpretation of the national “formation” – from the point of view of the periphery of capitalism and in a “negative” sense. The hypothesis of the paper is that both Schwarz's interpretation of Brazil and his intellectual stance were largely inspired by Machado's independent and skeptical position in relation to the stance of the writers, the elite, and the direction of the country of his time. Furthermore, I argue that Schwarz's interpretation of Machado de Assis's work and political-intellectual position offers the possibility of thinking of the novelist as one of the first great interpreters of Brazil, since the critic inaugurated an understanding of Machado's literary form as a procedure of critique that was born out of the ideological and political impasses and contradictions of Brazil at the end of the 19th century. ; El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la manera peculiar en que Roberto Schwarz incorporó y avanzó ciertos trabajos del pensamiento social brasileño, especialmente aquellos de la llamada “sociología paulista”, al articularlos con la teoría crítica de Adorno para llevar a cabo una interpretación de la forma literaria de la primera novela de madurez de Machado de Assis, "Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas". La discusión se centra en cómo esta articulación entre historia, teoría social y ...