Contributors: Polarité cellulaire, Migration et Cancer - Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer; Institut Pasteur Paris (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Sorbonne Université (SU); Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Facultat de Medicina Barcelona; Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5); CytoMorphoLab; Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV); Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 )-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG); Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes 2016-2019 (UGA 2016-2019 )-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA); Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)); Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); University of Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN); This work was supported by La Ligue Contre le Cancer (EL2017.LNCC) and the Institut Pasteur. C. De Pascalis was a scholar in the Pasteur–Paris University International PhD program and received a stipend from Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Institut Pasteur, and a short-term European Molecular Biology Organization fellowship. C. Pérez-González acknowledges support from Fundación Caixa. The France-BioImaging infrastructure network is supported by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR10-INBS-04; Investments for the Future) and the Région Ile-de-France (program Domaine d’Intérêt Majeur-Malinf). The Nikon Imaging Centre is a member of the Agence Nationale de la Recherche Infrastructure France-BioImaging (ANR10-INBS-04), and the Institut Jacques Monod is a member of Infrastructures en Biologie Santé et Agronomie and Agence Nationale de la Recherche France-BioImaging (ANR10-INBS-04).; ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010)
نبذة مختصرة : International audience ; Mesenchymal cell migration relies on the coordinated regulation of the actin and microtubule networks that participate in polarized cell protrusion, adhesion, and contraction. During collective migration, most of the traction forces are generated by the acto-myosin network linked to focal adhesions at the front of leader cells, which transmit these pulling forces to the followers. Here, using an in vitro wound healing assay to induce polarization and collective directed migration of primary astrocytes, we show that the intermediate filament (IF) network composed of vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and nestin contributes to directed collective movement by controlling the distribution of forces in the migrating cell monolayer. Together with the cytoskeletal linker plectin, these IFs control the organization and dynamics of the acto-myosin network, promoting the actin-driven treadmilling of adherens junctions, thereby facilitating the polarization of leader cells. Independently of their effect on adherens junctions, IFs influence the dynamics and localization of focal adhesions and limit their mechanical coupling to the acto-myosin network. We thus conclude that IFs promote collective directed migration in astrocytes by restricting the generation of traction forces to the front of leader cells, preventing aberrant tractions in the followers, and by contributing to the maintenance of lateral cell-cell interactions.
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