نبذة مختصرة : In this paper, we will take the case of Noda Soy Sauce in the modern period and clarify that the various activities towards profits its business had a public nature. The mission of the modern government since the Meiji era has not necessarily been to provide public goods and services, and there was also a lack of financial resources. In order to expand the market, public works projects such as railway and water supply projects were carried out under the initiative of private companies, depending on the need to profit. Noda's brewers invested heavily in public works projects in order to expand into the Tokyo market. These projects were public works undertaken to expand the market, but by making them available to local residents, they also brought benefits to the local community. In other words, public works in the modern period of Japan were not “from above”, and did not belong to either the government or the community. ; departmental bulletin paper
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