A Study to Compare the Maternal and Perinatal Outcome among Antenatal Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Normal Glucose Tolerance Groups with DIPSI Criteria: A study of 240 cases

BACKGROUND: Normal pregnancy is a physiological condition. It is a diabetogenic condition due to progressive increase in insulin requirements and decreased sensitivity to insulin at cellular levels. Gestational diabetes mellitus women have decreased insulin secretion by pancreas and abnormal insulin resistance in pregnancy is due to counter hormones. These hormones are human placental lactogen, cortisol, estriol and progesterone. Gestational diabetes is associated with increased perinatal mortality and morbidity and it is associated with risk of long term complications like hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular risk in both mothers and their offspring. Timely screening of all antenatal patients for glucose intolerance and making them to achieve euglycemia and adequate nutrition will prevent the probability of the vicious cycle of glucose intolerance from one generation to next generation. The children of GDM mothers are at increased of developing obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 1 diabetes. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To study the pregnancy outcome in patients with GDM, impaired glucose tolerance and normal glucose tolerance. To study the perinatal outcome in mothers with GDM, IGT and normal Glucose tolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a Prospective observational study. The study was conducted for a period of one and half year from April 2020 to September 2021. All antenatal patients from first trimester of pregnancy, singleton pregnancy. The exclusion criteria were pre gestational diabetes mellitus, patients who was lost follow up for DIPSI test during second trimester, Antenatal patients was on long term steroids for medical disorder. RESULTS: Out of 240 cases, comparison between both age groups; 26-30 age group patients having high blood glucose level of 12% (GDM) and l8% (IGT), 18% (NGT). So from this study age group from 26 -30 IGT patients with gestational age greater than 35 having high amount of blood glucose level -29% (IGT), 32% (GDM), 31% (NGT); similarly, gestational age below 25 having very ...