Complement Activation in Kidney Transplantation

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving procedure for individuals with end-stage renal disease, yet the process of transplantation can trigger the activation of the complement system, a critical component of the body’s immune response. This activation can lead to adverse outcomes, including acute and chronic rejection of the graft, thereby complicating patient management and graft survival. Furthermore, the interplay between complement activation and immunosuppressive therapies remains a key area of research, as prolonged immunosuppression may enhance the risk of complications while failing to adequately control the immune response against the transplanted organ, necessitating a balance between these factors to optimize transplant outcomes. In recent years, advances in understanding the mechanisms of complement activation have led to the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at minimizing damage to the graft and enhancing its long-term functionality, emphasizing the need for tailored immunosuppressive regimens to mitigate the associated risks and improve the overall success of kidney transplantation.