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Loneliness as a driver of allostatic load: mechanisms linking social disconnection to physiological dysregulation and health disparities.

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  • المؤلفون: Warren A;Warren A;Warren A;Warren A
  • المصدر:
    Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) [Stress] 2025 Dec 31; Vol. 28 (1), pp. 2594067. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 30.
  • نوع النشر :
    Journal Article; Review
  • اللغة:
    English
  • معلومة اضافية
    • المصدر:
      Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9617529 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1607-8888 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10253890 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Stress Subsets: MEDLINE
    • بيانات النشر:
      Publication: London : Informa Healthcare
      Original Publication: [Amsterdam?] : Harwood Academic Publishers,
    • الموضوع:
      Loneliness*/psychology ; Allostasis*/physiology ; Health Status Disparities* ; Stress, Psychological*/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological*/psychology; Humans ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology ; Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology
    • نبذة مختصرة :
      Loneliness is increasingly recognized as a multisystem stressor that contributes to morbidity and premature mortality. This narrative review draws on searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus (2000-2025), focusing on studies linking loneliness to neuroendocrine, immune, neural, and cardiometabolic pathways associated with allostatic load. Evidence is strongest in older adults and clinical subgroups, though emerging findings suggest relevance and mechanistic insight across community populations. Loneliness is associated with dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, elevated inflammatory biomarkers, altered amygdala reactivity, and cardiometabolic risk factors. These patterns highlight loneliness as both a psychological and biological risk factor. Limitations include heterogeneous measures and reliance on cross-sectional designs, underscoring the need for longitudinal and mechanistic studies. Addressing loneliness requires early detection through screening and implementation of evidence-based interventions, including psychosocial therapies (e.g. cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based approaches), social prescribing, and trauma-informed primary care. Reframing loneliness as a modifiable determinant of health underscores its importance for translational research, clinical care, and public health policy.
    • Contributed Indexing:
      Keywords: Loneliness; allostatic load; inflammation; perceived isolation; social isolation; stress response
    • الموضوع:
      Date Created: 20251201 Date Completed: 20251201 Latest Revision: 20251201
    • الموضوع:
      20251201
    • الرقم المعرف:
      10.1080/10253890.2025.2594067
    • الرقم المعرف:
      41321031