Mechanisms of Lung Cancer Development in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: The Role of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Lung Microbiome Dysbiosis.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596414 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2218-273X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2218273X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomolecules Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, 2011-

Cystic Fibrosis*/complications ; Cystic Fibrosis*/microbiology ; Cystic Fibrosis*/pathology ; Cystic Fibrosis*/metabolism ; Dysbiosis*/microbiology ; Dysbiosis*/complications ; Oxidative Stress* ; Inflammation*/pathology ; Inflammation*/metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms*/pathology ; Lung Neoplasms*/etiology ; Lung Neoplasms*/microbiology ; Lung Neoplasms*/metabolism ; Microbiota* ; Lung*/microbiology ; Lung*/pathology; Humans ; Animals

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, leading to defective ion transport and impaired function of various organs. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbial dysbiosis are key pathological features of CF patients, contributing to disease progression, lung damage, and an increased susceptibility to infections. Emerging evidence suggests that in CF patients these factors can promote cancer development, especially lung cancer. Chronic inflammation in CF, driven by immune cell dysfunction, results in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROSs), fostering an environment conducive to cancer initiation. Oxidative stress can amplify cellular damage and hinder airway remodeling. ROSs not only damage cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA but also disrupt lung homeostasis, creating a favorable environment for cancer development. Furthermore, the lung microbiome in CF patients is often dysbiotic, with a reduced diversity and the predominance of pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which exacerbate inflammation and may contribute to carcinogenesis. This review explores the mechanisms linking CF to lung cancer, examining the potential clinical implications of these mechanisms for early detection, monitoring, and targeted therapies for lung cancer prevention in CF patients.

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Keywords: chronic inflammation; cystic fibrosis; lung cancer; microbiome dysbiosis; oxidative stress

Date Created: 20250626 Date Completed: 20250626 Latest Revision: 20250628

20250630

PMC12190827

10.3390/biom15060828

40563468