Developing a Multi-Method Approach for Understanding Cellular Uptake and Biological Response: Investigating Co-Exposure of Macrophage-like Differentiated THP-1 Cells to Al 2 O 3 and CeO 2 Nanoparticles.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 100964009 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1420-3049 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14203049 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Molecules Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c1995-

Aluminum Oxide*/chemistry ; Cerium*/chemistry ; Cerium*/pharmacology ; Metal Nanoparticles*/chemistry ; Macrophages*/drug effects ; Macrophages*/metabolism ; Macrophages*/cytology ; Nanoparticles*/chemistry; Humans ; THP-1 Cells ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects

The use of different nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing in a wide variety of everyday products. Nevertheless, most studies concerning NP risk assessment have evaluated exposure scenarios involving a single kind of NP. A stepwise study distinguishing between the effects resulting from exposure to one kind of NP and those resulting from different co-exposure scenarios to Al2O3 and CeO2 NPs at concentrations below acute toxicity was conducted with different analytical techniques. As a starting point, WST-1 viability assays were performed to assess whether the chosen exposure concentrations resulted in any acute loss of viability, which would hamper further insight into the cellular response to NP exposure. Then, data on NP dissolution and uptake were obtained via single-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) and microwave-assisted ICP-MS. Additionally, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was performed to check for differences in the biological response to the exposure scenarios at the single-cell level. It was found that the proposed combined techniques provide insight into changes in biological responses as well as cellular metal contents among the exposure scenarios. In this work, a comprehensive tiered analytical strategy for evaluating the biological responses to challenging exposure scenarios is provided. The results highlight the necessity of selecting situations more closely resembling real life-including concentrations below acute toxicity and potential interactions due to multiple NPs-when estimating potential health risks. These findings thus provide a foundation and an incentive for further research into the complex processes leading to the observed effects.

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720952 European Union; 1322-723 Federal Institute for Risk Assessment

Keywords: ICP-MS; ToF-SIMS; co-exposition; nano; viability changes

619G5K328Y (ceric oxide)
LMI26O6933 (Aluminum Oxide)
30K4522N6T (Cerium)

Date Created: 20250426 Date Completed: 20250426 Latest Revision: 20250429

20250429

PMC11990466

10.3390/molecules30071647

40286244