Association of portfolio diet score with breast cancer risk: insights from a case-control analysis.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100967800 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2407 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712407 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Cancer Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Breast Neoplasms*/epidemiology ; Breast Neoplasms*/prevention & control ; Diet*; Humans ; Female ; Case-Control Studies ; Middle Aged ; Iran/epidemiology ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Premenopause

Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. All participants read and signed the informed consent form. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Conflict of interest: Not applicable.
Background: The Portfolio Diet (PD) is a plant-based dietary approach that has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer-related mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between PD score (PDS) and breast cancer (BC) risk in Iranian women, providing insights into the impact of diet on BC risk across different menopausal stages.
Methods: The current case-control study included 133 women with newly diagnosed BC and 265 controls without any neoplastic disorders, all of whom were referred to the oncology department of two referral hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, consisting of 168 food items, was used to gather dietary information. Additionally, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to assess the associations of BC with the PDS and its components, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results: After adjusting for variables in multivariate analysis, a significantly lower association was observed between each unit increase in plant protein intake and the odds of BC in the total population (OR = 0.399, 95% CI: 0.170-0.936). Based on menopausal status, a significant association was found between PDS and the odds of BC in premenopausal women (OR = 0.914, 95% CI: 0.845-0.989). Additionally, in the postmenopausal women, significantly lower odds of BC were observed with each unit increase in plant protein intake in the adjusted model (OR = 0.078, 95% CI: 0.015-0.399).
Conclusions: This study provides novel insights into the protective role of PD against BC, demonstrating that a higher PDS is associated with a significant reduction in BC odds among premenopausal women. Plant protein intake also demonstrated a protective effect against BC in both the overall population and postmenopausal women. These findings highlight the potential benefit of the PD as a preventative dietary strategy against BC, particularly emphasizing the role of plant protein.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)

Erratum in: BMC Cancer. 2025 Mar 12;25(1):448. doi: 10.1186/s12885-025-13789-7.. (PMID: 40075314)

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Keywords: Breast cancer; Breast neoplasm; Dietary pattern; Portfolio diet; Portfolio diet score

Date Created: 20250218 Date Completed: 20250508 Latest Revision: 20250508

20250508

PMC11831793

10.1186/s12885-025-13634-x

39962406