Examining the Role of Failure and Success Experiences on Task Persistence and Neurocognition in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders.

Publisher: Routledge Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8502170 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1744-411X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13803395 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol Subsets: MEDLINE

Publication: 2013- : London : Routledge
Original Publication: Lisse : Swets & Zeitlinger, c1985-

Schizophrenia*/complications ; Cognition Disorders*/diagnosis ; Cognition Disorders*/etiology ; Cognition Disorders*/psychology ; Psychotic Disorders*/psychology; Humans ; Adult ; Cross-Over Studies ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Attention

Background: Recent theoretical models suggest that a variety of psychological and contextual factors account for a significant proportion of the observed neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD). Numerous non-neurocognitive mechanisms of neurocognitive functioning have been proposed that warrant investigation; however, few studies have empirically examined these factors. This cross-over study examined whether the experience of failure or success affects task persistence and neurocognition differentially between individuals with SSD and healthy controls.
Methods: Twenty-nine participants with SSD and 30 healthy controls ( M age   = 29.33, SD  = 10.72) completed success and failure inductions, psychological questionnaires, an anagram persistence task, and brief neurocognitive testing remotely at two time-points.
Results: Both groups demonstrated significantly lower persistence and worse decision-making skills in the failure condition relative to the success condition. Individuals with SSD demonstrated slower processing speed, but this was not affected by prior failure or success.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the experience of failure is similarly detrimental to persistence and decision-making in healthy controls and individuals with SSD but does not contribute to processing speed performance. This suggests that higher-order executive functions are more susceptible to manipulation by contextual factors compared to lower-order cognitive functions.

Canada CIHR

Keywords: Psychosis; anagram persistence; contextual factors; decision-making; remote assessment

Date Created: 20230626 Date Completed: 20230712 Latest Revision: 20230718

20250114

10.1080/13803395.2023.2227406

37357679