Evaluation of the Effects of Developmental Trauma on Neurotransmitter Systems Using Functional Molecular Imaging.

Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, [2000-

Brain/*metabolism ; Brain/*physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*metabolism ; Wounds and Injuries/*metabolism ; Wounds and Injuries/*physiopathology; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/metabolism ; Animals, Newborn/physiology ; Anxiety/metabolism ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; Anxiety Disorders/metabolism ; Anxiety Disorders/physiopathology ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Depression/metabolism ; Depression/physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Exploratory Behavior/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Maternal Deprivation ; Maze Learning/physiology ; Molecular Imaging/methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Psychological/metabolism ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology ; Swimming/physiology

Early life stress (ELS) is strongly associated with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia in adulthood. To date, biological, behavioral, and structural aspects of ELS have been studied extensively, but their functional effects remain unclear. Here, we examined NeuroPET studies of dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and serotonergic systems in ELS animal models. Maternal separation and restraint stress were used to generate single or complex developmental trauma. Body weights of animals exposed to single trauma were similar to those of control animals; however, animals exposed to complex trauma exhibited loss of body weight when compared to controls. In behavioral tests, the complex developmental trauma group exhibited a decrease in time spent in the open arm of the elevated plus-maze and an increase in immobility time in the forced swim test when compared to control animals. In NeuroPET studies, the complex trauma group displayed a reduction in brain uptake values when compared to single trauma and control groups. Of neurotransmitter systems analyzed, the rate of decrease in brain uptake was the highest in the serotonergic group. Collectively, our results indicate that developmental trauma events induce behavioral deficits, including anxiety- and depressive-like phenotypes and dysfunction in neurotransmitter systems.

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Keywords: early life stress; neurotransmission; positron emission tomography; trauma

0 (Neurotransmitter Agents)

Date Created: 20210403 Date Completed: 20210422 Latest Revision: 20210713

20221213

PMC7959121

10.3390/ijms22052522

33802338