Fine-scale genetic structure of the European bitterling at the intersection of three major European watersheds.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100966975 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2148 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712148 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Evol Biol Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001-

Rivers*; Carps/*genetics; Animals ; Bayes Theorem ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Europe ; Fresh Water ; Gene Frequency/genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Geography ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics ; Mitochondria/genetics ; North Sea ; Species Specificity

Background: Anthropogenic factors can have a major impact on the contemporary distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity. Many freshwater fishes have finely structured and locally adapted populations, but their natural genetic structure can be affected by river engineering schemes across river basins, fish transfers in aquaculture industry and conservation management. The European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) is a small fish that is a brood parasite of freshwater mussels and is widespread across continental Europe. Its range recently expanded, following sharp declines in the 1970s and 1980s. We investigated its genetic variability and spatial structure at the centre of its distribution at the boundary of three watersheds, testing the role of natural and anthropogenic factors in its genetic structure.
Results: Sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome B (CYTB) revealed that bitterling colonised central Europe from two Ponto-Caspian refugia, which partly defines its contemporary genetic structure. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci revealed pronounced interpopulation differentiation, with significant small-scale differentiation within the same river basins. At a large scale, populations from the Baltic Sea watershed (middle Oder and Vistula basins) were distinct from those from the Black Sea watershed (Danube basin), while populations from rivers of the North Sea watershed (Rhine, Elbe) originated from the admixture of both original sources. Notable exceptions demonstrated the potential role of human translocations across watersheds, with the upper River Oder (Baltic watershed) inhabited by fish from the Danube basin (Black Sea watershed) and a population in the southern part of the River Elbe (North Sea watershed) basin possessing a signal of admixture from the Danube basin.
Conclusions: Hydrography and physical barriers to dispersal are only partly reflected in the genetic structure of the European bitterling at the intersection of three major watersheds in central Europe. Drainage boundaries have been obscured by human-mediated translocations, likely related to common carp, Cyprinus carpio, cultivation and game-fish management. Despite these translocations, populations of bitterling are significantly structured by genetic drift, possibly reinforced by its low dispersal ability. Overall, the impact of anthropogenic factors on the genetic structure of the bitterling populations in central Europe is limited.

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13-05872S International Grantová Agentura České Republiky; P505/12/G112 International Grantová Agentura České Republiky

Keywords: Cryptic invasions; Freshwater conservation; Game fish stocking; Gene flow; Human-mediated translocation; Phylogeography; Population genetics

0 (DNA, Mitochondrial)

Date Created: 20180706 Date Completed: 20181008 Latest Revision: 20240328

20250114

PMC6030748

10.1186/s12862-018-1219-9

29973160