Message framing materials applied to healthy eating decision-making for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: An exploratory study.

Aims: To develop and initially validate message framing materials for promoting healthy dietary decisions in GDM populations. Methods: The Delphi survey involved 17 experts, and consensus was obtained after two rounds. In Pre-survey I, 30 participants randomly selected one material (gain framing vs. loss framing) and complete a manipulation check item to ensure that the stimulus material manipulation was valid. Pre-survey II involved 60 participants who rated all messages using a Likert 5 rating questionnaire, a Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was used to examine the message framing effects. Results: After two rounds of Delphi surveys, experts reached consensus on the final materials, which contained two message framings, each containing 11 entries. The manipulation test for materials achieved 100% validity. The findings indicated significant message framing effects on healthy eating decisions among GDM populations, with loss-framed messages proving more persuasive. Conclusion: Scientifically valid message framing materials were developed and initially applied, providing an empirical basis and direction for future related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]