هاجس الانتقام والثأر في الشعر الجاهلي.

The Obsession with Revenge and Vengeance in pre-Islamic Poetry.

إن الثار ظاهرة اجتماعية واكبت مسيرة حياة مجتمع ما قبل الإسلام حتى غدت نفوسهم، التي استلهمت منها عزة التحدي وكرامة المواجهة، وقد احتل شعر الثار في الشعر العربي قبل الإسلام أهمية كبيرة، واهتماماً خاصاً لجدته وكثرة شيوعه، فلفظ الانتقام يدل على إنزال عقوبة ما ضد شخص معين بدوافع معينة ناشئة من قوة غضبية. وقد زخرت دواوين الشعراء بالحديث عن الثأر سواء أكان الثأر للأخ ام الابن ام الأب أم الأم أم غيرهم، لكن الثار للأخ كان أكثر حضوراً في دواوين الشعراء إذ يعد موت الأخ من المصائب الشديدة التي يصعب احتمالها وتفاديها، وكان للعامل النفسي أثر كبير في تحريك مشاعر الأخ وأهل المقتول نحو السعي الى إدراك الثار ، إذ يصل الاخ الى مرحلة يائسة بعد مقتل أخيه ، فيقع في أسر الآلام والأحزان التي لا يستطيع الخروج منها إلا إذا ظفر بالقاتل واقتص منه، متجاوزا بذلك كل ما يقف امامه من عوائق تحول بينه وبين تحقيق ما يصبو إليه، لأنه إن لم يحقق مقاصده فإنه واقع في الخزي والعار لامحالة، حسب مبادئ المجتمع الجاهلي وقوانينه التي تتعلق بمبدأ إدراك الثار). وتقوم النساء الشواعر اللواتي ذقن مرارة الحزن بذرف الدموع والبكاء المستمر، لعلهن يحتوين مرارة الموقف الصعب، وينجحن في امتصاص غربة النفس، ليسوغ انطلاق الشواعر الى الرثاء الذي يتخلله الذكر والمدح للمفقود الراحل بتهيئة أرضية نفسية لإثبات القيم، التي هي محور الوجود، لذلك نلاحظ سعيهن جاهدات لترسيخ تلك القيم في مجتمعهن، وقد تجسد محور هذا الظرف عند العديد من الشواعر الجاهليات. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revenge is a social phenomenon that accompanied the life path of pre-Islamic society until it became their souls, from which they were inspired by the pride of defiance and the dignity of confrontation. Revenge poetry in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry occupied great importance and special attention due to its novelty and widespread prevalence. The word revenge indicates the infliction of some kind of punishment against a person. Certain with specific motives arising from a force of anger. The collections of poets were full of talk about revenge, whether it was revenge for the brother, the son, the father, the mother, or others. But revenge for the brother was more present in the collections of poets, as the death of a brother was considered one of the severe calamities that were difficult to bear and avoid, and (the psychological factor had a great effect in stirring feelings. The brother and the family of the murdered person towards the pursuit of revenge, as the brother reaches a desperate stage after the killing of his brother, and falls into the captivity of pain and sorrow from which he cannot escape unless he defeats the killer and takes revenge on him. Thus overcoming all the obstacles that stand before him that prevent him from achieving what they aspire to. To him, if he does not reach his goal, he will inevitably fall into disgrace, according to the principles of preIslamic society and its laws that relate to the principle of realizing revenge. Poets who have tasted the bitterness of sadness shed tears and continuously weep, perhaps they contain the bitterness of the difficult situation, and they succeed in absorbing the estrangement of the soul to justify the poets’ launch into lamentation that includes remembrance and praise for the deceased, by preparing a psychological ground to prove the values, which are the focus of existence. Therefore, we notice their striving to consolidate. These values in their society, and the focus of this circumstance was embodied in many pre-Islamic poets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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