Reprint: "The Challenge of the Mississippi Flood".

If these lessons are applied, the wheel does not have to be reinvented.[20] Several other financial assistance programs exist that can be used to help fund mitigation projects for substantially damaged structures, including SBA disaster assistance loans, various FEMA disaster assistance programs, Housing and Urban Development grant and loan programs, and state housing and development finance authorities. To facilitate the search for appropriate alternatives, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued guidance on 23 August for the establishment of an unprecedented review procedure to assess strategies for levee reconstruction.[21] The agencies involved in this review include FEMA, the Army Corps of Engineers, the Soil Conservation Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Environmental Protection Agency as well as state and local government agencies and other interested organizations. The Association of State Floodplain managers and the Association of State Wetland Managers have also furthered the debate by sponsoring two major conferences among interested citizens and government officials in August and September in St. Louis, Missouri.[23] On 30 and 31 August, representatives of the nine states affected by the flood, federal agencies, environmental organizations, the White House, and Congress gathered to share information on post-flood recovery activities as well as to identify opportunities to help communities and states recover in a way that would prevent a future similar event from causing such extensive damage. 32 Federal Emergency Management Agency, I Post-Disaster Hazard Mitigation Planning Guidance for State and Local Governments i , DAP-12 (Washington, D.C.: FEMA, September 1990), 24. [Extracted from the article]

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