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up to 15 kGy. The International Code of Practice (Appendix II) specifies more precisely that, because of the statistical distribution of the dose, a mass fraction of product of at least 97.5% should receive an absorbed dose of less than 15 kGy when the overall average dose is 10 kGy. In practice, the determination of the overall average dose is a difficult and time-consuming task, as it requires the positioning of a large number of dose meters throughout the lot to be irradiated. For gamma irradiation it is often sufficient to take the median dose (Dmax + Dmin)/2 as the average dose. This approach is increasingly inaccurate as the dose uniformity ratio increases. At a dose uniformity ratio of 3 the average dose is around 20% below the median dose (36). In electron beam irradiation the relationship between average dose and Dmax, Dmin is not straightforward, and ‘ ‘dose mapping’ ’ with a large number of dose meters in each lot is required. The concept of overall average dose, while cumbersome in irradiation practice, makes good sense in the context of toxicological considerations. Realizing that it was impossible to give all parts of a container or lot exactly the same dose, the Joint Expert Committee assumed that the ingestion of some food irradiated at a higher dose as a result of random fluctuations would be compensated for during another meal by the consumption of some food with a randomly lower dose. Thus the ingestion of radiolytic compounds would finally level out at some average value, corresponding to the overall average dose received by the food consumed over an extended period. Permissions granted by national governments for irradiation of certain food­ stuffs or groups of foods sometimes specify an overall average dose, sometimes an individual maximum dose, and sometimes a minimum and a maximum dose. Some irradiation permits prescribe a legal limit dose without making clear what this means (37). The difficulties arising from this regulatory confusion have been pointed out by Ehlermann (38).

• Source: Safety of Irradiated Foods ; page 57-60 ; ISBN 9780429081842

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Antibodies to Crucial Epitopes on HSV-2 Glycoprotein D as a Guide to Dosing an mRNA Genital Herpes Vaccine

• Authors : Lauren M. Hook; Sita Awasthi; Tina M. Cairns

Subjects: Dentistry; herpes simplex virus type 2; nucleoside-modified mRNA

• Source: Viruses ; 14

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Approach to Chronic Urticaria from Primary Care and Emergency Services: Case Reports in Spain

• Authors : Rubio, Luis Geniz; Pérez, Macarena Ávila; Díaz, José Ángel López

Subjects: Topics in Primary Care Medicine

• Source: https://www.intechopen.com/books/9139.

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Radiation Therapy with a Simultaneous Integrated Boost

• Authors : Katsochi, Despina

Subjects: Radiotherapy

• Source: https://www.intechopen.com/books/5611.

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Wikibooks: Radiation Oncology/Stereotactic radiosurgery

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Wikibooks: Radiation Oncology/Stereotactic radiosurgery

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