Sou bacharel em sa?de coletiva, e agora? Sobre quando novos sanitaristas entram no mundo do trabalho

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Os debates no campo da Sa?de Coletiva produziram argumentos de que o SUS precisava de um novo ator estrat?gico para impulsionar as mudan?as n?o alcan?adas durante a Reforma Sanit?ria, j? que apenas a forma??o p?s-graduada na ?rea para a pr?tica de sanitaristas n?o era suficiente. Nesse sentido, foram criados os Cursos de Gradua??o em Sa?de Coletiva. Na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), esse curso ? denominado de Gest?o em Sistemas e Servi?os de Sa?de (GSSS). Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar como se d? a inser??o (espa?o, tempo e condicionantes) e a atua??o profissionais dos egressos do Curso de GSSS da UFRN, mais especificamente: identificar limites, potencialidades e estrat?gias na inser??o profissional dos egressos; identificar as atividades desenvolvidas pelos egressos no trabalho; analisar os desafios para os egressos no mundo do trabalho; analisar os condicionantes da forma??o desse Curso na inser??o e atua??o profissionais; e conhecer a vis?o das coordenadoras sobre a cria??o e forma??o do Curso de GSSS. O estudo se vincula ? no??o de pesquisadores implicados e ? reflexividade como corrente de pensamento da pesquisa. A produ??o dos dados ocorreu pela t?cnica de Grupo Focal e entrevista individual com roteiro semiestruturado, ambas realizadas com egressos concluintes do Curso nos per?odos de 2012.2, 2013.2 e 2014.2, sendo que tamb?m foram entrevistadas coordenadoras do referido Curso. Quanto ? inser??o, os desafios foram categorizados em: remunera??o; reconhecimento da profiss?o em Sa?de Coletiva; identidade profissional; e interfer?ncias pol?ticas. J? as potencialidades foram categorizadas em: forma??o; n?cleo de saber e pr?tica da Sa?de Coletiva; e o cen?rio da Secretaria Municipal de Sa?de do Natal; e as estrat?gias para inser??o s?o a??es de car?ter coletivo e individual que visam divulgar o Curso e seu profissional, bem como avan?ar na constru??o de uma nova profiss?o. Sobre a atua??o profissional, s?o descritas as atividades desenvolvidas no trabalho pelos egressos, estas est?o associadas ? linha de forma??o de Planejamento, Gest?o e Avalia??o em Sa?de. Essas atividades profissionais refor?am a ideia do Curso de GSSS em formar Gestores da Sa?de para atuarem nos servi?os e sistemas de sa?de. No entanto, consideramos que a atua??o de um generalista em Sa?de Coletiva ir? al?m dessa ?rea de atua??o. Os desafios na atua??o profissional dos novos sanitaristas aparecem como de car?ter estrutural do mundo do trabalho de outras profiss?es e foram categorizados em: rela??es de poder, cultura institucional e v?nculo empregat?cio, tais desafios influenciam na sa?de mental dos trabalhadores. Com rela??o ? influ?ncia da forma??o na inser??o profissional, destaca-se o Est?gio Curricular, visto que o aluno amplia seu conhecimento e d? visibilidade profissional a si pelo v?nculo com os demais profissionais. Ainda mais, os egressos trazem suas cr?ticas positivas e negativas da forma??o que influenciaram na atua??o profissional. Pela forma??o e pela atua??o profissional, os egressos do Curso de Sa?de Coletiva s?o novos sanitaristas com identidade diferenciada dos sanitaristas p?s-graduados oriundos de outras gradua??es.
The debates in the field of Public Health have claimed that SUS required a new strategic player to boost the changes not reached during the Sanitary Reform, since only the graduate training in the field for the practice of Public Health professionals was not enough. Accordingly, the Undergraduate Courses in Public Health were established. At the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), this course is called Management in Health Systems and Services (GSSS, as per its acronym in Portuguese). This research is intended to analyze how the insertion (space, time and conditioning factors) and professional performance of newly-trained professionals from the GSSS Course at UFRN happen, more specifically: to identify limits, potentialities and strategies in the professional insertion of newly-trained professionals; to identify the activities developed by newly-trained professionals at work; to analyze the challenges for newly-trained professionals in the job market; to analyze the conditioning factors of this Course in the professional insertion and performance; and to know the viewpoint of coordinators about the establishment and training of the GSSS Course. This study is linked to the notion of researchers involved and to the reflexivity as a line of thought of research. The production of data took place through the Focal Group technique and individual interviews with a semi-structured script, both of which were conducted with newly-trained professionals of the Course in the periods of 2012.2, 2013.2 and 2014.2, being that coordinators of the aforementioned Course were also interviewed. Regarding the insertion, the challenges were categorized in: wage; recognition of the profession in Public Health; professional identity and political interference. Concerning the potentialities, they were categorized in: training; core of knowledge and practice of Public Health; and the scenario of the Municipal Health Department of Natal; and the strategies for insertion are actions of a collective and individual nature aimed at disseminating the Course and its professional, besides advancing in the construction of a new profession. As for the professional performance, the activities developed at work by the newly-trained professionals are described, which are associated with the training line of Planning, Management and Assessment in Health. These professional activities enhance the idea of the GSSS Course as it concerns the training of Health Managers to deal with health services and systems. Nevertheless, one can consider that the performance of a generalist in Public Health will go beyond this field of operation. The challenges for the professional performance of new Public Health professionals are displayed with a structural nature in the job market of other professions, and they were categorized in: power relations, institutional culture and employment bond, which are challenges that influence the mental health of workers. Regarding the influence of the training in the professional insertion, one can highlight the Curricular Internship, because the student expands his knowledge and gives professional visibility to himself by the bond with the other professionals. Furthermore, the newly-trained professionals bring their positive and negative criticism of the training that influenced their professional performance. Due to the training and professional performance, the newly-trained professionals of the Undergraduate Course in Public Health are new Public Health professionals with a differentiated identity in relation to the Public Health professionals graduated in Public Health and coming from other undergraduate courses.