Chemical composition and antifungal activity of propolis on Aspergillus flavus

Research has indicated the antifungal activity of ethanol extracts from propolis (EEP) on fungi of the genera Phakopsora, Colletotrichum, and Cercospora. Here, chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of three EEP (propolis from Scaptotrigona polysticta stingless bee and two types produced by Apis mellifera - red and brown) were evaluated and their action against Aspergillus flavus was investigated. Ash, dry extract, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were determined. Phenolic composition was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography, with using the following reference substances: gallic acid, caffeic acid, Ï-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin. Tests on mycelial growth, sporulation, and germination of spores were performed to assess the biological activity of the EEP on A. flavus. All EEP showed low dry extract content (