Uncertainty quantification in neural network classifiers - A local linear approach

Classifiers based on neural networks (NN) often lack a measure of uncertainty in the predicted class. We propose a method to estimate the probability mass function (pmF) of the different classes, as well as the covariance of the estimated pmF. First, a local linear approach is used during the training phase to recursively compute the covariance of the parameters in the NN. Secondly, in the classification phase, another local linear approach is used to propagate the covariance of the learned NN parameters to the uncertainty in the output of the last layer of the NN. This allows for an efficient Monte Carlo (mC) approach for; (i) estimating the pmF; (ii) calculating the covariance of the estimated pmF; and (iii) proper risk assessment and fusion of multiple classifiers. Two classical image classification tasks, i.e., mNIST, and CFAR10, are used to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).