COVID-19 in patients with anemia and haematological malignancies: risk factors, clinical guidelines, and emerging therapeutic approaches.

Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101170464 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1478-811X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1478811X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cell Commun Signal Subsets: MEDLINE

Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, c2003-

COVID-19* ; Hematologic Neoplasms*/complications ; Hematologic Neoplasms*/epidemiology ; Hematologic Neoplasms*/therapy ; Anemia*/complications ; Anemia*/epidemiology ; Anemia*/therapy; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors

Extensive research in countries with high sociodemographic indices (SDIs) to date has shown that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be directly associated with more severe outcomes among patients living with haematological disorders and malignancies (HDMs). Because individuals with moderate to severe immunodeficiency are likely to undergo persistent infections, shed virus particles for prolonged periods, and lack an inflammatory or abortive phase, this represents an overall risk of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. In cases suffering from HDMs, further investigation is needed to achieve a better understanding of triviruses and a group of related variants in patients with anemia and HDMs, as well as their treatment through vaccines, drugs, and other methods. Against this background, the present study aimed to delineate the relationship between HDMs and the novel COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Besides, effective treatment options for HDM cases were further explored to address this epidemic and its variants. Therefore, learning about how COVID-19 manifests in these patients, along with exploiting the most appropriate treatments, may lead to the development of treatment and care strategies by clinicians and researchers to help patients recover faster. Video Abstract.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

Eur J Epidemiol. 2020 Aug;35(8):763-773. (PMID: 32816244)
J Med Virol. 2023 Jan;95(1):e28158. (PMID: 36114164)
Leukemia. 2022 Apr;36(4):1025-1034. (PMID: 35105946)
Oncol Lett. 2020 Jul;20(1):448-454. (PMID: 32565969)
Blood Adv. 2021 Aug 24;5(16):3053-3061. (PMID: 34387648)
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Jun;29(6):103297. (PMID: 35475118)
Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res. 2018 Jul - Sep;777:52-63. (PMID: 30115430)
Front Immunol. 2020 Nov 18;11:594556. (PMID: 33312177)
Infect Genet Evol. 2021 Jan;87:104647. (PMID: 33264669)
F1000Res. 2022 Jan 27;11:102. (PMID: 35340277)
N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 25;384(8):693-704. (PMID: 32678530)
Blood. 2016 Jan 7;127(1):29-41. (PMID: 26660431)
Nat Med. 2021 Feb;27(2):270-278. (PMID: 33335323)
Front Oncol. 2020 Jul 03;10:1272. (PMID: 32719750)
Leukemia. 2020 Nov;34(11):3047-3049. (PMID: 32855439)
J Infect Dis. 2005 Feb 15;191(4):499-502. (PMID: 15655771)
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Apr 01;71(13):495-502. (PMID: 35358170)
J Assoc Physicians India. 2020 Jul;68(7):19-26. (PMID: 32602676)
Blood. 2022 Aug 4;140(5):407-409. (PMID: 35925645)
J Clin Med. 2020 Nov 27;9(12):. (PMID: 33261023)
Cureus. 2022 Oct 13;14(10):e30275. (PMID: 36258806)
J Clin Invest. 2004 Nov;114(10):1457-66. (PMID: 15545996)
Blood. 2019 Aug 15;134(7):591-596. (PMID: 31186275)
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018 Jan 26;67(3):103-108. (PMID: 29370152)
Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Nov 15;18(22):6260-70. (PMID: 23035210)
Sci Transl Med. 2021 Nov 17;13(620):eabj7211. (PMID: 34591596)
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Jun 15;12(6):. (PMID: 32549297)
Acta Biomed. 2020 Jul 13;91(3):ahead of print. (PMID: 32921739)
Adv Biomark Sci Technol. 2020;2:1-23. (PMID: 33511330)
Annu Rev Nutr. 2022 Aug 22;42:311-335. (PMID: 35508203)
Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2022;41(8):778-814. (PMID: 35532338)
Cureus. 2022 Mar 29;14(3):e23604. (PMID: 35494937)
J Intern Med. 2013 Sep;274(3):215-26. (PMID: 23772809)
Maturitas. 1997 Jan;26(1):63-71. (PMID: 9032749)
Oncotarget. 2016 Aug 23;7(34):55395-55408. (PMID: 27447965)
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 Feb;8(2):197-203. (PMID: 20109049)
Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2018 Dec;13(6):435-445. (PMID: 30370478)
Clin Exp Med. 2021 May;21(2):239-246. (PMID: 33417082)
Blood Rev. 2021 May;47:100775. (PMID: 33187811)
Med Clin North Am. 2017 Mar;101(2):351-359. (PMID: 28189175)
Eur J Haematol. 2020 Nov;105(5):597-607. (PMID: 32710500)
Int J Hematol. 2020 Jul;112(1):125-126. (PMID: 32474804)
Virusdisease. 2021 Dec;32(4):727-736. (PMID: 34722832)
Sci Immunol. 2022 Jul 29;7(73):eabp9312. (PMID: 35471062)
Cell Commun Signal. 2022 Oct 31;20(1):172. (PMID: 36316776)
Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022 Aug;64:103938. (PMID: 35717898)
Nutrients. 2022 Jul 27;14(15):. (PMID: 35956266)
Blood. 2010 Apr 15;115(15):3008-16. (PMID: 20023215)
Leuk Lymphoma. 2021 Dec;62(13):3212-3218. (PMID: 34254886)
Blood. 2008 Sep 15;112(6):2199-204. (PMID: 18451307)
Ann Emerg Med. 2021 Jun;77(6):654-656. (PMID: 34030782)
PLoS One. 2022 Feb 2;17(2):e0262784. (PMID: 35108300)
MedComm (2020). 2022 Aug 16;3(3):e172. (PMID: 35992968)
Blood Adv. 2022 Nov 22;6(22):5829-5834. (PMID: 35977078)
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jun;49(6):5153-5163. (PMID: 35169998)
Blood. 2020 Aug 13;136(7):914. (PMID: 32790856)
Front Oncol. 2019 Jul 03;9:603. (PMID: 31334123)
Cell Commun Signal. 2023 May 8;21(1):103. (PMID: 37158893)
BMC Nephrol. 2021 Dec 11;22(1):411. (PMID: 34895163)
BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Oct 29;21(1):338. (PMID: 34715834)
Transfus Apher Sci. 2020 Feb;59(1):102717. (PMID: 31902683)
Int J Lab Hematol. 2023 Apr;45(2):145-155. (PMID: 36208056)
Mol Cell. 2022 Feb 17;82(4):728-740. (PMID: 34965379)
Cell Commun Signal. 2023 May 15;21(1):110. (PMID: 37189112)
Ann Neurol. 2022 Mar;91(3):342-352. (PMID: 35067959)
EJHaem. 2020 Nov;1(2):545-547. (PMID: 33230510)
Front Immunol. 2021 Nov 25;12:791429. (PMID: 34899761)
Pathology. 2022 Feb;54(1):104-110. (PMID: 34838331)
Ann Oncol. 2021 Nov;32(11):1445-1447. (PMID: 34352377)
Eur J Haematol. 2018 Dec;101(6):711-720. (PMID: 30055055)
Carcinogenesis. 2020 Mar 13;41(1):2-7. (PMID: 31711135)
Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Apr;20(4):102792. (PMID: 33610751)
Sci Transl Med. 2018 Feb 14;10(428):. (PMID: 29444977)
Ann Hematol. 2022 Sep;101(9):1887-1895. (PMID: 35802164)
Cureus. 2023 Mar 16;15(3):e36247. (PMID: 37069861)
J Clin Med. 2018 Mar 21;7(4):. (PMID: 29561760)
Diagnostics (Basel). 2022 Jun 26;12(7):. (PMID: 35885461)
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2020 Sep;86(9):1790-1792. (PMID: 32383276)
Leuk Lymphoma. 2013 Jan;54(1):189-91. (PMID: 22712836)
Viruses. 2022 Mar 21;14(3):. (PMID: 35337057)
J Hematol. 2022 Feb;11(1):34-39. (PMID: 35356634)
Front Oncol. 2020 Sep 02;10:1428. (PMID: 33014780)
Bull Cancer. 2020 Jun;107(6):629-632. (PMID: 32387061)
Mediators Inflamm. 2021 Apr 1;2021:6635925. (PMID: 33833618)
Ann Hematol. 2021 Jan;100(1):37-43. (PMID: 32918594)
Front Immunol. 2021 Oct 25;12:738915. (PMID: 34759921)
Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Sep;19(9):988-1000. (PMID: 31399377)
J Pers Med. 2022 Feb 25;12(3):. (PMID: 35330352)
J Lab Clin Med. 1975 Jan;85(1):113-9. (PMID: 1141725)
iScience. 2022 Mar 18;25(3):103960. (PMID: 35224467)
Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2017 Dec;25(6):1842-1846. (PMID: 29262928)
Haematologica. 2020 Aug;105(8):2020-2031. (PMID: 32554558)
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2021 Jan;68(1):e28548. (PMID: 32710684)
J Pediatr Surg. 2011 Jan;46(1):178-83. (PMID: 21238662)
ESMO Open. 2022 Apr;7(2):100403. (PMID: 35272130)
Science. 2020 May 1;368(6490):473-474. (PMID: 32303591)
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2011 Mar;118(3):315-28. (PMID: 20878427)
Arch Surg. 1970 Aug;101(2):338-47. (PMID: 5465469)
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 16;22(14):. (PMID: 34299259)
Cancers (Basel). 2018 Apr 07;10(4):. (PMID: 29642462)
Rev Med Virol. 2015 Jul;25(4):224-40. (PMID: 25962796)
Chirurgia (Bucur). 2017 Mar-Apr;112(2):110-116. (PMID: 28463670)
Blood Adv. 2020 Oct 27;4(20):5035-5039. (PMID: 33075136)
Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(27):2909-2918. (PMID: 31686632)
PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35501. (PMID: 22511990)
J Transl Med. 2020 Jan 3;18(1):2. (PMID: 31900171)
J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 May;61(5):714-724. (PMID: 33314148)
Bone Marrow Transplant. 2023 Mar;58(3):340-342. (PMID: 36481838)
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016 Mar;1863(3):449-463. (PMID: 26334291)
J Hematol Oncol. 2020 Jul 14;13(1):94. (PMID: 32664919)
Lancet Oncol. 2020 Jul;21(7):893-903. (PMID: 32479790)
Sci Transl Med. 2021 Sep 08;13(610):eabf0113. (PMID: 34516827)
Lung Cancer. 2020 Jul;145:213-215. (PMID: 32389426)
J Hematol Oncol. 2022 Jan 9;15(1):3. (PMID: 35000597)
J Transl Med. 2021 Dec 18;19(1):511. (PMID: 34922585)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021 Apr;22(4):266-282. (PMID: 33495651)
Vaccine. 2023 Feb 24;41(9):1550-1553. (PMID: 36737320)
J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;45(7):792-801. (PMID: 15951469)
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Sep 01;21(17):. (PMID: 32883007)
BMC Med. 2013 Aug 22;11:185. (PMID: 23968282)
Int J Biol Sci. 2022 Jul 11;18(12):4690-4703. (PMID: 35874956)
Blood. 2007 Apr 15;109(8):3219-24. (PMID: 17148582)
Biomedicines. 2023 Mar 17;11(3):. (PMID: 36979914)
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2015 Jun;159(2):184-91. (PMID: 25004911)
Haematologica. 2020 Jan 31;105(2):260-272. (PMID: 31949017)
J Clin Med. 2020 Jul 29;9(8):. (PMID: 32751400)
Adv Pharm Bull. 2018 Jun;8(2):277-282. (PMID: 30023329)
J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2022 Sep;73:127044. (PMID: 35901669)
Rinsho Ketsueki. 2021;62(10):1510-1514. (PMID: 34732625)
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jan;49(1):605-615. (PMID: 34657251)
JAMA. 2021 Apr 20;325(15):1575. (PMID: 33646285)
Lancet Oncol. 2020 Jul;21(7):904-913. (PMID: 32479787)
Infect Agent Cancer. 2022 Jul 18;17(1):38. (PMID: 35850916)
Drugs Context. 2019 Oct 09;8:212574. (PMID: 31645879)
Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2020 Jan-Dec;26:1076029620955240. (PMID: 32873056)
ACS Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 12;7(11):3034-3051. (PMID: 34658235)
Leukemia. 1997 Dec;11(12):2049-54. (PMID: 9447819)
Nat Cancer. 2022 May;3(5):552-564. (PMID: 35332334)
Sci Bull (Beijing). 2022 May 30;67(10):1022-1025. (PMID: 35186363)
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2022 Sep;20(9):1163-1169. (PMID: 35702989)
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2021 Sep;67(9):1349-1352. (PMID: 34816933)
Semin Hematol. 2022 Oct;59(4):192-197. (PMID: 36805887)
Br J Haematol. 2020 Aug;190(4):e224-e229. (PMID: 32678953)
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2022 Jun;18(5):1809-1821. (PMID: 35181867)
Blood. 2022 Jul 21;140(3):236-252. (PMID: 35544585)
Biomedicines. 2023 Jan 25;11(2):. (PMID: 36830874)
Leuk Lymphoma. 2021 Dec;62(12):2928-2938. (PMID: 34292118)
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017 Oct;119(4):374-378. (PMID: 28958376)
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 May 31;20(11):. (PMID: 31159158)
N Engl J Med. 2013 Jan 10;368(2):149-60. (PMID: 23301732)
N Engl J Med. 2021 Feb 4;384(5):403-416. (PMID: 33378609)
Blood Cancer J. 2021 May 12;11(5):89. (PMID: 33980831)
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2020 Nov;67(11):e28391. (PMID: 32779856)
Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2020 Nov;67(11):e28337. (PMID: 32391969)
Int J Lab Hematol. 2021 Jun;43(3):403-408. (PMID: 33185981)
Annu Rev Immunol. 2007;25:139-70. (PMID: 17129175)
RNA Biol. 2022 Jan;19(1):1-11. (PMID: 34904915)
Eur J Heart Fail. 2021 Nov;23(11):1987-1988. (PMID: 34355474)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2021 Mar 18;65(4):. (PMID: 33558296)
Pediatr Int. 2001 Jun;43(3):211-7. (PMID: 11380911)
Am J Perinatol. 2020 Aug;37(10):1070-1073. (PMID: 32396949)
Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015;14(11):1749-58. (PMID: 26366626)
Front Immunol. 2021 Mar 12;12:645013. (PMID: 33777042)
Blood Adv. 2023 Sep 12;7(17):4728-4737. (PMID: 36516082)
EMBO Mol Med. 2022 Jun 8;14(6):e15919. (PMID: 35579119)
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 27;22(9):. (PMID: 33925597)
Clin Cancer Res. 2013 Apr 15;19(8):2096-106. (PMID: 23446999)
Nat Cancer. 2023 Jan;4(1):81-95. (PMID: 36543907)
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Jul 18;9(7):. (PMID: 32708430)
Cell Biol Int. 2021 Aug;45(8):1599-1612. (PMID: 33818861)
Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019 Oct;54(10):1575-1585. (PMID: 30728439)
Am J Hematol. 2020 Aug;95(8):999-1000. (PMID: 32212392)
Blood. 2022 Jul 21;140(3):208-221. (PMID: 35240679)
Int J Lab Hematol. 2020 Oct;42(5):495-500. (PMID: 32562368)
Cancer Cell. 2022 Jun 13;40(6):590-591. (PMID: 35598602)
Br J Haematol. 2005 May;129(4):449-64. (PMID: 15877728)
Rheumatol Int. 2021 Jan;41(1):7-18. (PMID: 32588191)
PLoS Pathog. 2021 Jul 28;17(7):e1009759. (PMID: 34320031)
J Med Virol. 2021 Mar;93(3):1478-1488. (PMID: 32813298)
J Med Virol. 2021 Feb;93(2):1099-1104. (PMID: 32776581)
Circulation. 1993 May;87(5):1776-80. (PMID: 8491037)
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Apr 12;8:643686. (PMID: 33912577)
Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 07;13:832394. (PMID: 35464491)
J Pers Med. 2021 Jul 16;11(7):. (PMID: 34357135)
Blood. 1985 Apr;65(4):803-9. (PMID: 3978228)
Am J Hematol. 2022 Jan 1;97(1):119-128. (PMID: 34687462)
Curr Oncol. 2022 May 31;29(6):3940-3949. (PMID: 35735424)
Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Jun;19(6):102537. (PMID: 32251717)
J Blood Med. 2020 Sep 25;11:305-318. (PMID: 33061728)
Br J Haematol. 2022 Jun;197(6):697-708. (PMID: 35254660)
Nutrition. 2020 Nov - Dec;79-80:111017. (PMID: 33039952)
Eur J Haematol. 2020 Nov;105(5):540-546. (PMID: 32663356)
Blood. 2015 Jul 9;126(2):144-52. (PMID: 25990863)
Int J Lab Hematol. 2022 Feb;44(1):e10-e12. (PMID: 34258873)
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Oct 19;13:1207225. (PMID: 37928188)
Blood. 2021 Apr 22;137(16):2152-2160. (PMID: 33649757)
J Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 10;40(26):3057-3064. (PMID: 35259002)
Int J Hematol. 2021 Nov;114(5):626-629. (PMID: 34264514)
Blood Cancer J. 2014 Dec 12;4:e268. (PMID: 25501025)
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 Apr;136:111228. (PMID: 33454595)
Hematology. 2022 Dec;27(1):691-699. (PMID: 35666686)
Cancer Cell. 2021 Oct 11;39(10):1297-1299. (PMID: 34509182)
Expert Rev Respir Med. 2021 Aug;15(8):993-1002. (PMID: 33896332)
Blood Adv. 2023 Jun 13;7(11):2459-2462. (PMID: 36622349)
Blood. 2022 May 5;139(18):2842-2846. (PMID: 35344579)
Ann Hematol. 2022 Aug;101(8):1877-1878. (PMID: 35391563)
Blood. 2022 Jul 14;140(2):152-156. (PMID: 35537186)
Nutr Rev. 2022 Feb 10;80(3):561-578. (PMID: 34791425)
Infect Dis Ther. 2023 Feb;12(2):303-315. (PMID: 36520323)
Infect Genet Evol. 2022 Jan;97:105195. (PMID: 34954105)
ESMO Open. 2021 Jun;6(3):100123. (PMID: 33932622)
Front Immunol. 2016 Sep 16;7:364. (PMID: 27695457)
Platelets. 2022 May 19;33(4):531-535. (PMID: 35196955)
Leuk Res. 2011 May;35(5):579-84. (PMID: 21176961)
Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2007 Jan;20(1):27-31. (PMID: 17256039)
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Oct 20;6(1):367. (PMID: 34667157)
Brief Bioinform. 2021 Mar 22;22(2):1137-1149. (PMID: 33675361)
Biomedicines. 2021 Dec 09;9(12):. (PMID: 34944683)
Blood Cancer Discov. 2021 Sep 15;2(6):562-567. (PMID: 34778796)
Curr Oncol Rep. 2022 May;24(5):645-650. (PMID: 35218499)
Hematol Transfus Cell Ther. 2022 Jan-Mar;44(1):26-31. (PMID: 35075445)
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018 Nov 30;2018(1):382-389. (PMID: 30504336)
Clin Nutr. 2021 May;40(5):3462-3469. (PMID: 33380357)
Transfus Apher Sci. 2021 Feb;60(1):102956. (PMID: 32994125)
Cureus. 2020 Dec 19;12(12):e12174. (PMID: 33489585)
Carcinogenesis. 2013 Jun;34(6):1216-23. (PMID: 23385064)
Acta Haematol. 2022;145(3):244-256. (PMID: 35134811)
J Infect Public Health. 2020 Dec;13(12):1833-1839. (PMID: 32788073)
Pediatr Nephrol. 2016 Dec;31(12):2265-2270. (PMID: 26980089)
Am J Transplant. 2022 Apr;22(4):1261-1265. (PMID: 34910857)
Expert Rev Mol Med. 2006 May 09;8(10):1-26. (PMID: 16684395)
Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2019 May 27;3(2):200-214. (PMID: 31193945)
Blood Rev. 2022 May;53:100911. (PMID: 34838342)
Front Mol Biosci. 2022 Dec 16;9:1080964. (PMID: 36589229)
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Mar 30;16:951-972. (PMID: 35386853)
Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 May;55(5):105955. (PMID: 32234468)
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022 Dec;11(1):483-497. (PMID: 34989664)
Ann Surg Oncol. 2020 Jun;27(6):1717-1720. (PMID: 32270420)
Front Pediatr. 2021 Aug 02;9:712603. (PMID: 34408997)
Theranostics. 2021 Jan 1;11(1):316-329. (PMID: 33391477)
Leukemia. 2011 Mar;25(3):473-8. (PMID: 21127498)
Mitochondrion. 2023 Jul;71:1-16. (PMID: 37172668)
J Transl Autoimmun. 2021 Apr 15;4:100099. (PMID: 33997753)
J Intensive Care. 2020 May 24;8:36. (PMID: 32483488)
Cell. 2021 Jan 7;184(1):149-168.e17. (PMID: 33278357)
Am J Hematol. 2023 Mar;98 Suppl 2:S4-S12. (PMID: 36194782)
J Pers Med. 2022 Jun 23;12(7):. (PMID: 35887528)
Nat Rev Cancer. 2014 Apr;14(4):219-32. (PMID: 24658273)
Leuk Res. 2021 Feb;101:106514. (PMID: 33524639)
Nat Cancer. 2023 Jan;4(1):96-107. (PMID: 36581734)
Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Jun 29;3:17040. (PMID: 28660890)
PLoS One. 2023 Apr 5;18(4):e0283983. (PMID: 37018291)
Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2020 Aug;54:62-75. (PMID: 32513566)
Exp Hematol. 2017 Sep;53:7-15. (PMID: 28652130)
Cells. 2022 Apr 08;11(8):. (PMID: 35455942)
Blood. 2022 Feb 10;139(6):942-946. (PMID: 34905598)
Int J Lab Hematol. 2021 Apr;43(2):e82-e83. (PMID: 33161639)
Viruses. 2022 Oct 27;14(11):. (PMID: 36366475)
J Autoimmun. 2022 Jan;126:102782. (PMID: 34920343)
Viruses. 2020 Jun 04;12(6):. (PMID: 32512929)
N Engl J Med. 2011 Aug 4;365(5):430-8. (PMID: 21812672)
J Intern Med. 2022 Jan;291(1):32-50. (PMID: 34352148)
Ann Intern Med. 2021 Feb;174(2):JC17. (PMID: 33524282)
Leukemia. 2020 Aug;34(8):2254-2256. (PMID: 32561842)
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Oct 13;8:757510. (PMID: 34722593)
Vitam Horm. 2022;119:241-274. (PMID: 35337622)
Lancet Haematol. 2020 Oct;7(10):e737-e745. (PMID: 32798473)
Vaccine. 2020 Sep 11;38(40):6205-6214. (PMID: 32788132)
Blood. 2022 Dec 1;140(22):2403-2407. (PMID: 36150168)
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Aug 10;12(8):. (PMID: 32785162)
Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:323-42. (PMID: 16848710)
Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Nov;100:108071. (PMID: 34482267)
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Sep 06;13(17):. (PMID: 34503290)
BMC Pulm Med. 2021 Jan 29;21(1):46. (PMID: 33514354)

Keywords: Anemia; COVID-19; Haematological disorders and malignancies; Immune response; SARS-CoV-2

Date Created: 20240215 Date Completed: 20240219 Latest Revision: 20240320

20240321

PMC10868124

10.1186/s12964-023-01316-9

38360719