نبذة مختصرة : The evolutionary history of the human genome has been shaped by the selection of multiple elements in response to different environmental pressures. The analysis of regulatory adaptations and the particularities of sexual chromosomes are key to understanding the different evolutionary outcomes of some of these processes. In this thesis, we describe how recent selection has shaped the X chromosome in human populations, focusing on several selection candidates, the special X-linked inheritance properties and the role of regulatory elements. We also propose the relevant implication of human enhancers in tissue-specific regulatory programs. The expression of genes implicated in tissue-specific functions is seen to be regulated mainly by enhancers located in introns, while ubiquitously expressed housekeeping genes are predominantly controlled by intergenic enhancers. The evolutionary role of human miRNAs are also analysed with special emphasis on their global patterns of diversity and their implication in population-specific prevalence in some of the most common human disorders
No Comments.