Shifting patterns in international research cooperation

The global scientific landscape has changed dramatically since the end of the Cold War. The scientific rise of China, as well as other emerging countries, has coincided with a rapid, perhaps unprecedented, increase in international academic cooperation. However, in recent years, mounting geopolitical friction and other developments are shaping a new context which is starting to affect the trajectory and patterns of scientific collaboration.This document is part of a series of reports aimed at covering the development of international scientific cooperation against the backdrop of changes in the international rules-based global order, global research ethics and norms, and increasingly urgent global societal challenges which require international coordination and cooperation within research, development, and regulation. We believe that this analysis can provide relevant insights for academia, industry, and government.