Zeitpolitiken und Fertilität: Fertilitätsraten, Frauenerwerbstätigkeit und die Zeitstrukturen frühkindlicher Betreuung und Bildung im Europa der Nachkriegszeit

Since the late 1960s, total fertility rates declined below the replacement level (i.e., 2.1 children per woman on average) all over Europe in parallel with the increasing prevalence of the dual-earner family model. Yet, birth rates have varied substantially across countries, declining to below a critical level of 1.5 births per woman in some societies, but not in others. Relying on a framework based on the gender equity theory in combination with risk aversion theory, I explore the mechanisms around fertility and the time policies of early childhood education in this paper.