Training Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) to Push a Cap: Shaping, Observational Learning, and Memory

The cap pushing response (CPR) is a free flying technique where honey bees are trained to fly to a target where they push a cap to reveal a hidden food source. In this paper, we report the results of three studies. First, we provide information on three techniques used to shape the CPR. Second, we provide preliminary data suggesting that honey bees can learn the CPR through observing a previously shaped bee. Finally, we provide data on the ability of a honey bee to recall the CPR response. In addition to the three studies, we also continue to advocate for the use of Observation Orientated Modeling (OOM) for comparative investigations.