Detection of melanoma and lymphoma by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy

11280,732

16/545409

August 20, 2019

The present disclosure relates to methods for the detection of melanoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Further disclosed are methods for treating melanoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, based on differences in infrared absorbance.

GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. (Atlanta, GA, US)

GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC. (Atlanta, GA, US)

1. A method for detecting melanoma, comprising: (a) depositing a sample comprising a plurality of cells on an internal reflection element (IRE); (b) directing a beam of infrared (IR) radiation through the IRE under conditions such that the IR radiation interacts with the plurality of cells; (c) recording an absorption spectrum; and (d) comparing the absorption spectrum to a control spectrum to detect the presence of melanoma; wherein a difference in absorbance at one or more frequencies compared to the control spectrum is an indication of melanoma in the sample.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the absorption spectrum is recorded over a range of preselected frequencies.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the range of preselected frequencies is from 50 cm −1 to 3700 cm −1 .

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a peak at 1638-1644 cm −1 is an indication of melanoma in the subject.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent when a peak is detected at 1638-1644 cm −1 .

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of integral values of Gaussian function energy profiles representing α-helix (about 1652 cm −1) and β-sheet (about 1630 cm −1) protein secondary structures (as obtained from the deconvolution of amide I, 1600-1700 cm −1) of less than or equal to 2.1 is an indication of melanoma in the subject.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent when a ratio of integral values of Gaussian function energy profiles representing α-helix (about 1652 cm −1) and β-sheet (about 1630 cm −1) protein secondary structures (as obtained from the deconvolution of amide I, 1600-1700 cm −1) of less than or equal to 2.1 is detected.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein an integral sum for six deconvoluted Gaussian function energy band profiles (from 1000 cm −1 to 1140 cm −1) of greater than or equal to 14.8 is an indication of melanoma in the subject.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent when an integral sum for six deconvoluted Gaussian function energy band profiles (from 1000 cm −1 to 1140 cm −1) of greater than or equal to 14.8 is detected.

10. A method for treating melanoma, comprising: detecting melanoma using the method of claim 1 ; and administering a chemotherapeutic agent when: i) a peak is detected at 1638-1644 cm −1 ; or ii) a ratio of integral values of Gaussian function energy profiles representing α-helix (about 1652 cm −1) and β-sheet (about 1630 cm −1) protein secondary structures (as obtained from the deconvolution of amide I, 1600-1700 cm −1) of less than or equal to 2.1 is detected; or iii) an integral sum for six deconvoluted Gaussian function energy band profiles (from 1000 cm −1 to 1140 cm −1) of greater than or equal to 14.8 is detected.

11. A method for detecting non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, comprising: (a) depositing a sample comprising a plurality of cells on an internal reflection element (IRE); (b) directing a beam of infrared (IR) radiation through the IRE under conditions such that the IR radiation interacts with the plurality of cells; (c) recording an absorption spectrum; and (d) comparing the absorption spectrum to a control spectrum to detect the presence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; wherein a difference in absorbance at one or more frequencies compared to the control spectrum is an indication of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the sample.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the absorption spectrum is recorded over a range of preselected frequencies.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the range of preselected frequencies is from 50 cm −1 to 3700 cm −1 .

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein a peak at 1636-1642 cm −1 is an indication of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the subject.

15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent when a peak is detected at 1636-1642 cm −1 .

16. The method of claim 11 , wherein a ratio of integral values of Gaussian function energy profiles representing α-helix (about 1652 cm −1) and β-sheet (about 1630 cm −1) protein secondary structures (as obtained from the deconvolution of amide I, 1600-1700 cm −1) of less than or equal to 2.1 is an indication of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the subject.

17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent when a ratio of integral values of Gaussian function energy profiles representing α-helix (about 1652 cm −1) and β-sheet (about 1630 cm −1) protein secondary structures (as obtained from the deconvolution of amide I, 1600-1700 cm −1) of less than or equal to 2.1 is detected.

18. The method of claim 11 , wherein an integral sum for six deconvoluted Gaussian function energy band profiles (from 1000 cm −1 to 1140 cm −1) of greater than or equal to 14.8 is an indication of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the subject.

19. The method of claim 11 , further comprising administering a chemotherapeutic agent when an integral sum for six deconvoluted Gaussian function energy band profiles (from 1000 cm −1 to 1140 cm −1) of greater than or equal to 14.8 is detected.

20. A method for treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, comprising: detecting non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using the method of claim 11 ; and administering a chemotherapeutic agent when: i) a peak is detected at 1636-1642 cm −1 ; or ii) a ratio of integral values of Gaussian function energy profiles representing α-helix (about 1652 cm −1) and β-sheet (about 1630 cm −1) protein secondary structures (as obtained from the deconvolution of amide I, 1600-1700 cm −1) of less than or equal to 2.1 is detected; or iii) an integral sum for six deconvoluted Gaussian function energy band profiles (from 1000 cm −1 to 1140 cm −1) of greater than or equal to 14.8 is detected.

3393603 July 1968 Harrick
4602869 July 1986 Harrick
6146897 November 2000 Cohenford et al.
6395538 May 2002 Naughton
7524681 April 2009 Wolf et al.
8614419 December 2013 Buffington et al.
2004/0121491 June 2004 Marchand-Brynaert
2004/0133086 July 2004 Ciurczak et al.
2010/0130868 May 2010 Hargrove et al.
2011/0059023 March 2011 Tunnell et al.
2012/0225474 September 2012 Wagner et al.
2016/0305877 May 2016 Titus et al.
9517092 June 1995
2009121054 October 2009
2014076480 May 2014
2015085056 June 2015

Ahmad, M., et al., “Butyrate and glucose metabolism by colonocytes in experimental colitis in mice” Gut, 2000. 46(4):493-499. cited by applicant
Amaria, R. N., et al., “Update on use of aldesleukin for 30 treatment of high-risk metastatic melanoma,” ImmunoTargets and therapy, vol. 4, p. 79, 2015. cited by applicant
Andrus, Paul GL, et al., “Cancer grading by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.” Biospectroscopy 4.1 (1998): 37-46. cited by applicant
Argov, Shmuel, et al. “Inflamatory bowel diseases as an intermediate stage between normal and cancer: A FTIR-microspectroscopy approach.” Biopolymers: Original Research on Biomolecules 75.5 (2004): 384-392. cited by applicant
Ariyawansa, G., et al., “Multi-colored tunneling quantum dot infrared photodetectors operating at room temperature” Infrared Physics & Technology, 2007.50(2-3):156-161. cited by applicant
Backhaus, Juergen, et al. “Diagnosis of breast cancer with infrared spectroscopy from serum samples.” Vibrational Spectroscopy 52.2 (2010): 173-177. cited by applicant
Baker, Matthew J., et al. “Developing and understanding biofluid vibrational spectroscopy: a critical review.” Chemical Society Reviews 45.7 (2016): 1803-1818. cited by applicant
Baker, Matthew J., et al. “Using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy to analyze biological materials.” Nature protocols 9.8 (2014): 1771. cited by applicant
Barth, Andreas. “Infrared spectroscopy of proteins.” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Bioenergetics 1767.9 (2007): 1073-1101. cited by applicant
Bellisola, Giuseppe, and Claudio Sorio. “Infrared spectroscopy and microscopy in cancer research and diagnosis.” American journal of cancer research 2.1 (2012): 1. cited by applicant
Bian, Z., et al., “Cd47-Sirp α interaction and IL-10 constrain inflammation-induced macrophage phagocytosis of healthy self-cells,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 113, pp. E5434-E5443, 2016. cited by applicant
Bogomolny, E., Huleihel, M., Suproun, Y., Sahu, R. K. & Mordechai, S. “Early spectral changes of cellular malignant transformation using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy.” Journal of biomedical optics 12, 024003-024003-024009 (2007). cited by applicant
Byler, D. M. & Susi, H. “Examination of the secondary structure of proteins by deconvolved FTIR spectra.” Biopolymers 25, 469-487 (1986). cited by applicant
Chan, K. A. & Kazarian, S. G. “Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) imaging of tissues and live cells.” Chemical Society Reviews 45, 1850-1864 (2016). cited by applicant
Chassaing, B., et al., “Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice” Current Protocols in Immunology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ; 2014 (15.25.1-15.25.14). cited by applicant
Chassaing, B., et al., “Fecal Lipocalin 2, a Sensitive and Broadly Dynamic Non-Invasive Biomarker for Intestinal Inflammation” PloS one, 2012. 7(9):e44328. cited by applicant
Cheadle, Chris, et al. “Control of gene expression during T cell activation: alternate regulation of mRNA transcription and mRNA stability.” BMC genomics 6.1 (2005): 75. cited by applicant
Chirgadze, Y. N. & Nevskaya, N. “Infrared spectra and resonance interaction of amide-I vibration of the antiparallel-chain pleated sheet.” Biopolymers 15, 607-625 (1976). cited by applicant
Clapper, M.L., et al., “Dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated neoplasia: a promising model for the development of chemopreventive interventions” Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2007. 28(9): 1450-1459. cited by applicant
Crabtree, Gerald R. “Contingent genetic regulatory events in T lymphocyte activation.” Science 243.4889 (1989): 355-361. cited by applicant
Daydé, D et al. “Tumor burden influences exposure and response to rituximab: pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling using a syngeneic bioluminescent murine model expressing human CD20.” Blood 113, 3765-3772 (2009). cited by applicant
Erukhimovitch, V., et al. “Infrared spectral changes identified during different stages of herpes viruses infection in vitro.” Analyst 136.13 (2011): 2818-2824. cited by applicant
Erukhimovitch, Vitaly, et al. “FTIR microscopy detection of cells infected with viruses.” DNA Viruses. Humana Press, 2005. 161-172. cited by applicant
Extended European Search Report, issued for European Application No. 16808503.3, dated Dec. 3, 2018. cited by applicant
Fisher, R. I., et al., “Comparison of a standard regimen (CHOP) with three intensive chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 328, pp. 1002-1006, 1993. cited by applicant
Fisher, S. G. & Fisher, R. I. “The epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.” Oncogene 23, 6524-6534 (2004). cited by applicant
Friedman, S, et al. “Screening and Surveillance Colonoscopy in Chronic Crohn's Colitis” Gastroenterology. 2001 120(4):820-6. cited by applicant
Fujioka, N., Morimoto, Y., Arai, T. & Kikuchi, M. “Discrimination between normal and malignant human gastric tissues by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.” Cancer Detection and Prevention 28, 32-36 (2004). cited by applicant
Gajjar, K. et al. “Diagnostic segregation of human brain tumours using Fourier-transform infrared and/or Raman spectroscopy coupled with discriminant analysis.” Analytical Methods 5, 89-102 (2013). cited by applicant
Garbe, C. & Leiter, U. “Melanoma epidemiology and trends.” Clinics in dermatology 27, 3-9 (2009). cited by applicant
Gazi, E. et al. “A correlation of FTIR spectra derived from prostate cancer biopsies with Gleason grade and tumour stage.” European urology 50, 750-761 (2006). cited by applicant
Gazi, E. et al. “Applications of Fourier transform infrared micro spectroscopy in studies of benign prostate and prostate cancer. A pilot study.” The Journal of pathology 201, 99-108 (2003). cited by applicant
Goormaghtigh, Erik, Véronique Cabiaux, and Jean-Marie Ruysschaert. “Determination of soluble and membrane protein structure by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.” Physicochemical methods in the study of biomembranes. Springer, Boston, MA, 1994. 405-450. cited by applicant
Hammody, Z., Sahu, R. K., Mordechai, S., Cagnano, E. & Argov, S. “Characterization of malignant melanoma using vibrational spectroscopy.” The Scientific World Journal 5, 173-182 (2005). cited by applicant
Hands, J. R. et al. “Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral discrimination of brain tumour severity from serum samples.” J. Biophotonics 7, 189-199 (2014). cited by applicant
Hands, J. R. et al. “Brain tumour differentiation: rapid stratified serum diagnostics via attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.” Journal of neurooncology 127, 463-472 (2016). cited by applicant
Hastings, Gary, et al. “Viral infection of cells in culture detected using infrared microscopy.” Analyst 134.7 (2009): 1462-1471. cited by applicant
Hilliard, Julia, et al. Cell Biosensors: Rapid Detection and Identification of Pathogens Using FTIR Microspectroscopic Spectra. No. RTO-MP-HFM-182. Georgia State Univ Atlanta Dept of Biology, 2010. cited by applicant
Howlader, N. et al. “Contributions of Subtypes of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma to Mortality Trends”, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prey. Jan. 2016; 25(1): 174-179. cited by applicant
International Search Report and Written Opinion issued in related International Application No. PCT/US2016/037172 dated Sep. 1, 2016. cited by applicant
International Search Report and Written Opinion, issued in International Application No. PCT/US14/68542, dated Apr. 7, 2015. cited by applicant
Jayaweera, P. et al. “Uncooled infrared detectors for 3-5 μ m and beyond”. Applied Physics Letters 93, 021105 (2008). cited by applicant
Jayaweera, P.V.V., et al., “Displacement currents in semiconductor quantum dots embedded dielectric media: A method for room temperature photon detection” Applied Physics Letters, 2007. 91(6):063114. cited by applicant
Jerant, A. F., Johnson, J. T., Sheridan, C. & Caffrey, T. J. “Early detection and treatment of skin cancer.” American family physician 62, 357-386 (2000). cited by applicant
Kazarian, S. G. & Chan, K. A. “ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging: recent advances and applications to biological systems.” Analyst 138, 1940-1951 (2013). cited by applicant
Kennedy, R., et al., “Interleukin 10-deficient colitis: new similarities to human inflammatory bowel disease” British journal of surgery, 2000. 87(10):1346-1351. cited by applicant
Kim, J.J., et al., “Investigating Intestinal Inflammation in DSS-induced Model of IBP” Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE, 2012(60):3678. cited by applicant
Kong, J. & Yu, S. “Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures.” Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 39, 549-559 (2007). cited by applicant
Kombluth A, et al.: “How effective is current medical therapy for severe ulcerative and Crohn's colitis? An analytic review of selected trials.” J Clin Gastroenterol. 1995 20(4):280-4. cited by applicant
Laroui, H., et al., “Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) Induces Colitis in Mice by Forming Nano-Lipocomplexes with Medium-Chain-Length Fatty Acids in the Colon” PloS one, 2012. 7(3):e32084. cited by applicant
Lee-Montiel, K. A. Reynolds and M. R. Riley, Journal of biological engineering 5, 16 (2011). cited by applicant
Legouffe, E. et al. “C-reactive protein serum level is a valuable and simple prognostic marker in non Hodgkin's lymphoma.” Leukemia & lymphoma 31, 351-357 (1998). cited by applicant
Lens, M. & Dawes, M. “Global perspectives of contemporary epidemiological trends of cutaneous malignant melanoma.” British Journal of Dermatology 150, 179-185 (2004). cited by applicant
Lens, M. & Newton-Bishop, J. “An association between cutaneous melanoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: pooled analysis of published data with a review.” Annals of oncology 16, 460-465 (2005). cited by applicant
Lewis, P. D. et al. “Evaluation of FTIR spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for lung cancer using sputum.” BMC cancer 10, 640 (2010). cited by applicant
Lima, C. A., Goulart, V. P., Côrrea, L., Pereira, T. M. & Zezell, D. M. “ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for the assessment of biochemical changes in skin due to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.” International journal of molecular sciences 16, 6621-6630 (2015). cited by applicant
Lu, R. et al. “Probing the secondary structure of bovine serum albumin during heatinduced denaturation using mid-infrared fiberoptic sensors.” Analyst 140, 765-770 (2015). cited by applicant
Maconi, G., et al., “Glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus in ulcerative colitis: Pathogenetic and therapeutic implications” World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG, 2014. 20(13):3507-3515. cited by applicant
Meurens, M., Wallon, J., Tong, J., Noel, H. & Haot, J. “Breast cancer detection by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.” Vibrational spectroscopy 10, 341-346 (1996). cited by applicant
Mordechai, S. et al. “Possible common biomarkers from FTIR microspectroscopy of cervical cancer and melanoma.” Journal of microscopy 215, 86-91 (2004). cited by applicant
Movasaghi, Z., et al. “Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of Biological Tissues” Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 2008. 43(2):134-179. cited by applicant
Movasaghi, Z., Rehman, S. & ur Rehman, D. I. “Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues.” Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 43, 134-179 (2008). cited by applicant
Nykänen, P., “Degradation of thymidine to thymine by rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue eluate” Scandinavian journal of immunology, 1979. 9(5):477-482. cited by applicant
Ollesch, J. et al. “It's in your blood: spectral biomarker candidates for urinary bladder cancer from automated FTIR spectroscopy.” Journal of biophotonics 7, 210-221 (2014). cited by applicant
Orphanou, C.-M. “The detection and discrimination of human body fluids using ATR FTIR spectroscopy.” Forensic science international 252, e10-e16 (2015). cited by applicant
Overwijk, W. W. & Restifo, N. P. “B16 as a mouse model for human melanoma.” Current Protocols in Immunology, 20.21. 21-20.21. 29 (2001). cited by applicant
Perera, A., et al., “High operating temperature split-off band infrared detectors.” Applied Physics Letters, 2006. 89(13):131118. cited by applicant
Perera, A.G.U., et al., “Room temperature nano- and microstructure photon detectors” Microelectronics Journal, 2009. 40(3):507-511. cited by applicant
Per{hacek over (s)}e, M. and A. Cerar, “Dextran sodium sulphate colitis mouse model: Traps and tricks” Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology, 2011. 2012:718617-718617. cited by applicant
Petibois, C., et al., “Determination of Glucose in Dried Serum Samples by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy” Clinical chemistry, 1999. 45(9):1530-1535. cited by applicant
Pinkerneil, et al., “Surface-Attached Polyhistidine-Tag Proteins Characterized by FTIR Difference Spectroscopy”, ChemPhysChem 2012, 13, 2649-2653. cited by applicant
Rigas, B., Morgello, S., Goldman, I. S. & Wong, P. “Human colorectal cancers display abnormal Fourier-transform infrared spectra.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 87, 8140-8144 (1990). cited by applicant
Schicho, R., et al., “Quantitative Metabolomic Profiling of Serum and Urine in DSS-induced Ulcertive Colitis of Mice by 1H NMR Spectroscopy” Journal of Proteome Research, 2010. 9(12):6265-6273. cited by applicant
Schreyer, A, et al., “Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging colonography with conventional colonoscopy for the assessment of intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a feasible study” Gut. 2005 54(2):250-6. cited by applicant
Shipp, M. et al. “A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.” New England Journal of Medicine 329, 987-994 (1993). cited by applicant
Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D. & Jemal, A. “Cancer statistics, 2016.” CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 66, 7-30 (2016). cited by applicant
Sommer, A. J., Tisinger, L. G., Marcott, C. & Story, G. M. “Attenuated total internal reflection infrared mapping microspectroscopy using an imaging microscope.” Appl. Spectrosc. 55, 252-256 (2001). cited by applicant
Surewicz, W. K., Mantsch, H. H. & Chapman, D. “Determination of protein secondary structure by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a critical assessment.” Biochemistry 32, 389-394 (1993). cited by applicant
Teague, R., et al. “Changes in Monosaccharide Content of Mucous Glycoproteins in Ulcerative Colitis” BMJ, 1973. 2(5867):645-646. cited by applicant
Theophilou, G., Lima, K. M., Martin-Hirsch, P. L., Stringfellow, H. F. & Martin, F. L. “ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis discriminates normal, borderline and malignant ovarian tissue: classifying subtypes of human cancer.” Analyst 141, 585-594 (2016). cited by applicant
Titus, J., Filfili, C., Hilliard, J. K., Ward, J. A. & Unil Perera, A. “Early detection of cell activation events by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.” Applied Physics Letters 104, 243705 (2014). cited by applicant
Titus, J., Ghimire, H., Viennois, E., Merlin, D. & Perera, A. Protein secondary structure analysis of dried blood serum using infrared spectroscopy to identify markers for colitis screening. Journal of Biophotonics (2018). cited by applicant
Titus, J., Viennois, E., Merlin, D. & Unil Perera, A. “Minimally invasive screening for colitis using attenuated total internal reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.” Journal of biophotonics 1-8, (2016). cited by applicant
Uemera T. et al.: “Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis Through the Mucous Membrane of the Lip: Application of a Chalcogenide Optical Fiber System,” Frontiers of Medical and Biological Engineer, VLP. Zeist, NL, vol. 9, No. 2, 1999 (1999), pp. 137, 153. cited by applicant
Ugurel, S., et al., “Dacarbazine in melanoma: from a chemotherapeutic drug to an immunomodulating agent,” Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 133, pp. 289-292, 2013. cited by applicant
Vereecken, P., Cornelis, F., Van Baren, N., Vandersleyen, V. & Baurain, J.-F. “A synopsis of serum biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma patients.” Dermatology research and practice 2012 (2012). cited by applicant
Viennois, E. et al., “Longitudinal study of circulating protein biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease” Journal of proteomics 2015, 112:166-179. cited by applicant
Viennois, E., et al., “Micheliolide, a new sesquiterpene lactone that inhibits intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated cancer” Laboratory Investigation, 2014. 94(9):950-965. cited by applicant
Vijay-Kumar, M., et al., “Metabolic Syndrome and Altered Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Toll-Like Receptor 5” Science, 2010. 328(5975):228-231. cited by applicant
Wood, B. et al. “Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral mapping of the cervical transformation zone, and dysplastic squamous epithelium.” Gynecologic oncology 93, 59-68 (2004). cited by applicant
Xiang Li et al., “Identification of Colitis and Cancer In Colon Biopsies by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics,” The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2012, pp. 1-4. cited by applicant
Yang, H., Yang, S., Kong, J., Dong, A. & Yu, S. “Obtaining information about protein secondary structures in aqueous solution using Fourier transform IR spectroscopy.” Nature protocols 10, 382-396 (2015). cited by applicant
Yu, C. and J. Irudayaraj, “Spectroscopic Characterization of Microorganisms by Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy” Biopolymers, 2005. 77(6):368-377. cited by applicant

edspgr.11280732