نبذة مختصرة : Bioeconomic models within mainstream economics deal with technology as an exogeneous variable of the harvest function. In that respect, technology is perceived as a free-access factor. More generally speaking, the mainstream approach envisages technical progress from the single aspect of harvest techniques. However, the processing of species is more and more commonplace onboard. Consequently, the evolutionary paradigm helps in designing an analysis of innovations. Wherever technology can take place onboard, the idea is to determine whether a R&D capacity can be developed internally within the fishing industry or if it has been a technical transfer from other industry. Finally, three main technological trajectories can be observed in fishing industry. It deals with direct and indirect fishing equipment, electronic equipment, handling and conditioning equipment. Minor improvements concern one of these three trajectories. Decision-making in investments depends on the one side with needs of firm and financing capabilities, and on the other side ivith technological opportunities on the market. These implications rely on the debate betiveen the technology-push and the market-pull theories (Schmookler, 1966). In last, diffusion process is presented according to the technological taxonomy. This research is applied in the case of trawling fleet in Brittany. It shows that innovations are derived increasingly from the second and the third technological trajectory, electronic equipment and conditioning equipment. This situation is a result of the exhaustion of commercial stocks.
Les modèles bio-économiques issus du courant néoclassique traitent la technologie comme une donnée exogène à la fonction d'exploitation. La technologie s'assimile donc à un stock de ressources génériques. Plus généralement, l'approche orthodoxe envisage le progrès technique sous le seul angle de la technique d'exploitation. Or, de plus en plus fréquemment des techniques de valorisation des espèces se diffusent à bord des navires de pêche. Les outils proposés par le paradigme évolutionniste permettent d'envisager l'étude des innovations sous l'angle de l'analyse des trajectoires technologiques et donc des processus de diffusion des innovations technologiques. Trois principales trajectoires technologiques sont donc identifiées. Pour chaque domaine d'intervention des technologies, il est précisé s'il existe une capacité de Recherche et Développement interne à l'activité de pêche ou s'il s'agit simplement d'un transfert de technique.
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