Understanding cognition-related neuronal dynamics and criticality in brain networks: From modeling to in-vitro and in-vivo cortical networks

2023-04

Investigating the neural dynamics associated with cognition in the brain’s cortical networks can contribute significantly to understanding the way in which the brain processes information and adapts to changes in the environment, as well as to developing treatments for cognitive disorders. Electrical oscillations in the brain are rhythmic patterns of neural activity that occur at different frequencies. These oscillations are thought to play an important role in coordinating the activity of different brain regions and allowing for the transfer of information between them. The generation of this intrinsic network rhythmicity is governed largely by the synaptic conductances in the network, but few studies have previously examined the effects of voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) on these rhythms. In the first study, a pyramidal-interneuron-gamma (PING) network consisting of excitatory pyramidal cells and two types of inhibitory interneurons is used to investigate the effects of several synaptic conductances upon network theta and gamma frequency oscillations. A conductance-based neural network is constructed incorporating a persistent sodium current (INaP), a delayed rectifier potassium current (IKDR), an inactivating potassium current (IA) and a hyperpolarization-activated current (IH). The results show that theta power is altered by all conductances tested. Gamma rhythmogenesis is dependent on IA and IH. The IKDR currents in excitatory pyramidal cells, as well as both types of inhibitory interneurons, were essential for theta rhythmogenesis and altered gamma rhythm properties. Increasing INaP suppresses both gamma and theta rhythms. The addition of noise does not alter these patterns. These findings indicate that VGICs strongly affect brain network rhythms and, therefore, the cognition-related functions associated with these rhythms. A dynamical system is described as “critical” when it is at the borderline between ordered and disordered states, at which the input is

Criticality; Miniscope; Novel Object Recognition; Scopolamine; hippocampus CA1; In-Vitro neurons; DishBrain; Cognition; Voltage-gated ion channels; pyramidal-interneuron-gamma network; PhD thesis

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