نبذة مختصرة : Prehrana na različite načine može utjecati na razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolesti. Nepravilni odabir namirnica, prevelik unos soli, ugljikohidrata, kolesterola i masti te prevelika količina hrane, odnosno kalorijski unos pridonose razvoju i pogoršanju bolesti. Incidencija pretilosti u svijetu je u porastu, a novija saznanja pokazuju da je uz smanjenje broja kalorija u borbi protiv pretilosti potrebno unositi hranu sa smanjenim potencijalom za njezin razvoj. Kardiovaskularni bolesnici imaju loše prehrambene navike te je za njih razvijen niz dijeta. Najdjelotvornijom se pokazala mediteranska prehrana s dodatkom ekstradjevičanskoga maslinova ulja i orašastih plodova koja se pokazala učinkovitom u smanjenju kardiovaskularne smrtnosti i kardijalnih događaja u primarnoj, kao i u sekundarnoj prevenciji. Osim nje učinkovita je DASH-dijeta koja ne samo da pomaže u regulaciji krvnog tlaka i smanjenju tjelesne težine nego i u sniženju razine ukupnog kolesterola u serumu. Daljnji povoljni učinak na regulaciju krvnog tlaka postiže se smanjenjem unosa soli na 6 g/dan ili manje. U kontroliranim studijama dokazano je da unos određene vrste hrane utječe na kardiovaskularno zdravlje. Konzumacija voća i povrća, ekstradjevičanskoga maslinova ulja, orašastih plodova i mahunarki, umjerena konzumacija ribe i morskih plodova, čaja te male količine alkohola pokazale su se korisnima u redukciji kardiovaskularnog rizika. Redovita, umjerena i pravilna prehrana jedan je od najvažnijih čimbenika na koji možemo utjecati kako bismo znatno smanjili rizik od nastanka bolesti srca i krvnih žila.
Our diet can affect the development of cardiovascular diseases in various ways. A wrong selection of foods, excessive intake of salt, carbohydrates, cholesterol and fat, as well as an excessive amount of food, i.e. of caloric intake can contribute to the development and worsening of the disease. Obesity is one of the major public health problems with increasing incidence worldwide. Recent findings indicate that in addition to the reduction in the number of calories, the selection of food with reduced potential for the development of obesity is crucial for weight control. Cardiovascular patients have poor eating habits and a series of diets has been developed for them, with different benefits. The most potent is the Mediterranean diet, supplemented with extra virgin olive oil and nuts, acting favourably on cardiovascular mortality and development of cardiac events both in primary and secondary prevention. The DASH diet used in the regulation of blood pressure and body weight has proved to be helpful in reducing the levels of total serum cholesterol. Further regulation of blood pressure can be achieved by reducing salt intake to 6 g or less per day. Guided exclusively on evidence and controlled studies based medicine, the impact of certain foods on cardiovascular health has been established. The benefit in reducing cardiovascular risk was found in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, extra virgin olive oil, nuts and legumes, moderate consumption of fish and seafood, tea, and small amounts of alcohol. We can actively work to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by controlling one of the most important factors and this is a regular, moderate and appropriate diet.
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