HelMod in the Works: From Direct Observations to the Local Interstellar Spectrum of Cosmic-Ray Electrons

Institute of Physics Publishing 2018

The local interstellar spectrum (LIS) of cosmic-ray (CR) electrons for the energy range 1 MeV to 1 TeV is derived using the most recent experimental results combined with the state-of-the-art models for CR propagation in the Galaxy and in the heliosphere. Two propagation packages, GALPROP and HelMod, are combined to provide a single framework that is run to reproduce direct measurements of CR species at different modulation levels, and at both polarities of the solar magnetic field. An iterative maximum-likelihood method is developed that uses GALPROP-predicted LIS as input to HelMod, which provides the modulated spectra for specific time periods of the selected experiments for model-data comparison. The optimized HelMod parameters are then used to adjust GALPROP parameters to predict a refined LIS with the procedure repeated subject to a convergence criterion. The parameter optimization uses an extensive data set of proton spectra from 1997 to 2015. The proposed CR electron LIS accommodates both the low-energy interstellar spectra measured by Voyager 1 as well as the high-energy observations by PAMELA and AMS-02 that are made deep in the heliosphere; it also accounts for Ulysses counting rate features measured out of the ecliptic plane. The interstellar and heliospheric propagation parameters derived in this study agree well with our earlier results for CR protons, helium nuclei, and anti-protons propagation and LIS obtained in the same framework.

cosmic ray; diffusion; elementary particle; interplanetary medium; ISM: general; Sun: heliosphere; cosmic rays – diffusion – elementary particles – interplanetary medium – ISM: general – Sun: heliosphere; FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA; info:eu-repo/semantics/article

Open access content. Open access content
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

English

ITBAO oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/185721
10.3847/1538-4357/aaa75e
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85042690772
1308923711

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