Added Details: Lenoir, Jonathan
Graae, Bente Jessen
Aarrestad, Per Arild
Alsos, Inger Greve
Armbruster, W. Scott
Austrheim, Gunnar
Bergendorff, Claes
Birks, H. John B.
Brathen, Kari Anne
Brunet, Jorg
Bruun, Hans Henrik
Dahlberg, Carl Johan
Decocq, Guillaume
Diekmann, Martin
Dynesius, Mats
Ejrnaes, Rasmus
Grytnes, John-Arvid
Hylander, Kristoffer
Klanderud, Kari
Luoto, Miska
Milbau, Ann
Moora, Mari
Nygaard, Bettina
Odland, Arvid
Ravolainen, Virve Tuulia
Reinhardt, Stefanie
Sandvik, Sylvi Marlen
Schei, Fride Hoistad
Speed, James David Mervyn
Tveraabak, Liv Unn
Vandvik, Vigdis
Velle, Liv Guri
Virtanen, Risto
Zobel, Martin
Svenning, Jens-Christian
نبذة مختصرة : Recent studies from mountainous areas of small spatial extent (<2500km2) suggest that fine-grained thermal variability over tens or hundreds of metres exceeds much of the climate warming expected for the coming decades. Such variability in temperature provides buffering to mitigate climate-change impacts. Is this local spatial buffering restricted to topographically complex terrains? To answer this, we here study fine-grained thermal variability across a 2500-km wide latitudinal gradient in Northern Europe encompassing a large array of topographic complexities. We first combined plant community data, Ellenberg temperature indicator values, locally measured temperatures (LmT) and globally interpolated temperatures (GiT) in a modelling framework to infer biologically relevant temperature conditions from plant assemblages within <1000-m2 units (community-inferred temperatures: CiT). We then assessed: (1) CiT range (thermal variability) within 1-km2 units; (2) the relationship between CiT range and topographically and geographically derived predictors at 1-km resolution; and (3) whether spatial turnover in CiT is greater than spatial turnover in GiT within 100-km2 units. Ellenberg temperature indicator values in combination with plant assemblages explained 4672% of variation in LmT and 9296% of variation in GiT during the growing season (June, July, August). Growing-season CiT range within 1-km2 units peaked at 6065 degrees N and increased with terrain roughness, averaging 1.97 degrees C (SD=0.84 degrees C) and 2.68 degrees C (SD=1.26 degrees C) within the flattest and roughest units respectively. Complex interactions between topography-related variables and latitude explained 35% of variation in growing-season CiT range when accounting for sampling effort and residual spatial autocorrelation. Spatial turnover in growing-season CiT within 100-km2 units was, on average, 1.8 times greater (0.32 degrees Ckm1) than spatial turnover in growing-season GiT (0.18 degrees
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