Broadband terahertz metamaterial absorber based on graphene resonators with perfect absorption

The applications of terahertz waves and metamaterials in electromagnetic wave absorbers are one of the key focus areas of current interdisciplinary scientific research. In this study, we propose a metamaterial absorber composed of graphene double-open rectangular ring and graphene strip cross structures. The experiment uses numerical analysis software to study the proposed absorber. Transverse electric waves were normally incident on the absorber from the plane port, where resonance coupling was achieved. With an increase in the incidence angle alpha, the trough in the middle of the absorption spectrum continued to deepen. The bandwidth that the spectral absorption maintains above 0.9 is 2.88 GHz (1.260–1.548 THz). The maximum spectral absorption has reached 99.9%, which is approximately perfect absorption. The absorber under transverse magnetic wave incidence also exhibited a bandwidth advantage. As the Fermi energy continued to increase, the absorption bandwidth first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at ef = 0.5 eV. Simultaneously, the relative absorption bandwidth also reached its maximum. By adjusting the Fermi level of graphene, dynamic tuning of the metamaterial absorber could be achieved. Adjustment of the Fermi level shifted the absorption range and absorption bandwidth, and helped in controlling the increase in the relative absorption bandwidth. The findings of this study can be of theoretical and engineering significance in the domains of thermal photovoltaics, solar cells, and sensors, among others.