Hermeneutics H.-G. Gadamer as a universal philosophy of understanding

Considered the hermeneutic project of H.-G. Gadamer as the final phase of the development of the circle of ideas of the German philological hermeneutics of the ХІХ-ХХ century. The philosophy of language and the doctrine of understanding and interpretation are explored in connection with the development of philological ideas within the framework of the phenomenological school. The relationship between Gadamer’s position and representatives of various linguistic theories of the early twentieth century is shown. The concept of understanding is presented as a key element of the hermeneutic process. Gadamer’s hermeneutics is analyzed in the context of his conservative position and his interpretation of Platonic philosophy. Formation of the circle of ideas that formed the basis of the philosophical hermeneutics of H.-G. Gadamer is an integral part of the notion of the essence of language and understanding of its role in the formation of meaning and the entire spiritual culture of mankind, as well as from the concepts of human personality, its creation and development. Consideration of such issues is fundamental to revealing the real role that the hermeneutic project has played and continues to play in the development of European philosophy. The relevance of the theme chosen is determined by the role that the philosophical project of H.-G. Gadamer plays in the development of contemporary ideas about the importance of humanitarian knowledge and, above all, philosophy in the formation of man as such. Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics with the passage of time only increases its importance for the development of philosophical discourse, thereby confirming its great euristic potential. As in modern Ukrainian philosophy, the development of the problems of understanding, first of all, understanding of the semantic component of human activity in the most diverse fields - from the sphere of art to political discourse, has become more relevant than ever. But in our day one can observe some limitations in understanding the significance and relevance of the Gadameric heritage, the study of which is often of a formal nature; the thinker himself and his works are referred to as a kind of ‘figure of contention’, without the necessary reflection and further development.