Effectiveness of bacterial biofilms photodynamic inactivation mediated by curcumin extract, nanodoxycycline and laser diode

Biofilms have higher levels of antibiotic resistance compared to bacteria, so the alternatives are needed as therapy for diseases caused by biofilm infections. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has the advantage of being a safe alternative that involves molecular-level photochemical reactions. The use of different types of exogenous photosensitizers (PS) was done to compare their effectiveness. Turmeric extract containing curcumin has good effectiveness in PDT, whereas nanodoxycycline as an antibiotic has a fairly broad absorption spectrum and is effective as PS. The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on infections by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans causing periodontitis using exogenous organic and non-organic photosensitisers (PS). The A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm had been grown on 96-well microplate for 72 hours incubation time. The samples were divided into three groups, treated with Laser diode, Laser + Turmeric Extract 0.5%, and Laser + Nanodoxycycline 0.1%. Treatment was done with a variety of exposure times: 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 seconds. The data were analyzed using ANOVA test. The results of data analysis showed that diode laser irradiation treatment with endogenous porphyrin, diode laser with Curcumin and diode laser with nanodoxycycline produced significantly different biofilm reductions. Treatment with diode laser irradiation at various energy densities (4.15, 8.28, 12.44, 16.59, and 20.73 J/cm2) showed no significant difference in reducing bacterial biofilm. The treatment with diode and curcumin, and the treatment with diode laser irradiation and nanodoxycyclin showed a significant difference. Diode laser irradiation of 20.73 J/cm2 with irradiation time of 150 seconds resulted in the greatest reduction of biofilm 14.94%, diode laser irradiation + Curcumin 47.82%, and diode laser irradiation + nanodoxycyclin 53.76%. Therefore, PDT using a diode laser combined with exogenous PS extract of curcumin and nanodoxycycline is more effective to reduce bacterial biofilms.