نبذة مختصرة : Hermeneutics, being a method of interpretation of texts, has peculiar names in all cultural regions of the world, in the West and in the East, differing in form, genres and directions. Hermeneutics in the process of evolutionary development also acquired a philosophical status as a method. Thanks to the scientific and theoretical studies of the famous German philosophers F. Schleiermacher, V. Dilthey, M. Heidegger, H. Gadamer, the scope of the phenomenon of understanding has expanded, hermeneutics has evolved from a means of interpreting philological, religious, legal and other texts into the art of understanding human subjectivity. The interpretation of the texts has become an ontological teaching, which is the ultimate concept of the meaning of the individual - the art of the individual, the methodology of the human soul, and finally the meaning. From this point of view, Germany is the birthplace of philosophical hermeneutics, called philosophy of understanding. The early philosophical hermeneutics, in which certain provisions of European philosophy were criticized, arose as a result of the historical development of philosophy from ancient times to the twentieth century. The ideological heritage of the above-mentioned representatives of philosophical hermeneutics is an important stage in the formation of this science. Thus, the traditional hermeneutics is enriched with new, original provisions and theories. Today, the main and important aspects of the intellectual heritage of hermeneutics are developing in various aspects. The ideas of the founders of philosophical hermeneutics stimulated the further development of this doctrine, contributed to the formation of new theories and concepts. Since the 60s of the last century, the problems of hermeneutics have been seriously studied by philosophers in many countries of the world. Along with the ontological doctrine, developed by the philosophical hermeneutics Heidegger and Gadamer, methodological and epistemological directions of this doctrine were also developed. In the twentieth century, hermeneutics was originally formulated as part of existentialism (Heidegger), and then it became one of the methodological procedures of philosophy. Recently, a hermeneutic ontology, which is considered a specific type of hermeneutics, has also emerged in social philosophy. According to this teaching, being, existence is the existence of language: language is a condition of social existence. Therefore, philosophy should not be limited to the analysis of problems related to language, but should also give here new interpretations and explanations.
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