Association of Morphology of Lenticulostriate Arteries and Proximal Plaque Characteristics With Single Subcortical Infarction: A Whole‐Brain High‐Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging Study

Background We aimed to investigate the association of characteristics of lenticulostriate artery (LSA) morphology and parental atheromatous disease (PAD) with single subcortical infarction (SSI) and to explore whether the LSA morphology is correlated with proximal plaque features in asymptomatic PAD. Methods and Results Patients with acute SSI were prospectively enrolled and classified as large‐ and small‐SSI groups. The clinical data and imaging features of LSA morphology (branches, length, dilation, and tortuosity) and middle cerebral artery plaques (normalized wall index, remodeling index, enhancement degree, and hyperintense plaques) were evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to determine the association of large SSIs with morphologic features of LSAs and plaques. The Spearman correlation between the morphologic characteristics of LSAs and plaque features in asymptomatic PAD was analyzed. Of the 121 patients recruited with symptomatic PAD, 102 had coexisting asymptomatic contralateral PAD. The mean length of LSAs (odds ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.73–0.95]; P=0.007), mean tortuosity of LSAs (odds ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05–1.22]; P=0.002), dilated LSAs (odds ratio, 22.59 [95% CI, 2.46–207.74]; P=0.006), and normalized wall index (odds ratio, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.01–1.15]; P=0.022) were significantly associated with large SSIs. Moreover, the normalized wall index was negatively correlated with the mean length of LSAs (r=−0.348, P