Urban Development in the City of Hippo Regius in Algeria according to Ancient Iconography. Case Study of the Mosaic of the Seafront Villa

The study of ancient cities is of great importance in understanding today's cities. Information on the way of life of ancient populations and urban organization in this period can be obtained from various archaeological elements unearthed, particularly in mosaics and iconography, which prove to be loaded with symbols and meanings. This study aims to highlight the role of archaeological sources in the representation of architectural and urban elements, and to interpret their symbolism and significant imprint. For this purpose, the research takes as its case study the Hippo seafront mosaic dating from the 3rd century A.D., which represents Hippo Regius, currently the city of Annaba in Algeria, founded in the 3rd century BC as a roman colony on the Mediterranean coast. Reading the mosaic has enriched our knowledge of the city of Hippo, providing visual information on its landscape, architecture, socioeconomic activities, and importance as a seaport. Its credibility was demonstrated using a comparative approach that compares the depicted details with evidence from archaeological, historical, and iconographic discoveries.