Anesthesia Management in Tracheobronchial Anomaly Case Detected During Tracheotomy: A Case Report

Tracheobronchial anomalies (TBA) are abnormal airway pathologies that originate from the primary branching site of the tracheobronchial tree, and their prevalence is 0.1-0.2%. The tracheal bronchus and accessory cardiac bronchus are among the most common TBAs. Although these anomalies are usually asymptomatic, they manifest as respiratory tract infections, hemoptysis, atelectasis, and respiratory distress. Appropriate identification and detection of these anomalies are vital in anesthesia management. Accidental canulation of a tracheal bronchus with an anomaly can prevent ventilation of all other bronchopulmonary segments, and due to potential hyperinflation, pneumothorax secondary to alveolar rupture may develop. In this case presentation, we shared our anesthesia method applied to a child with a tracheobronchial anomaly that was coincidentally detected during a tracheotomy.