A multi-stage low-cost false data injection attack method for power CPS

With the rapid development of information and communication technology， the power system has developed into a cyber physical system （CPS） in which the information system and the physical system are deeply coupled. The constant interplay between data flow and power flow exposes power grid to potential cyber attack risks. The phasor measurement unit （PMU） is taken as the attack and defense target in power system， and a multi-stage low-cost false data injection attack （FDIA） model is presented. Firstly， false data are generated to determine the optimal configuration of PMUs， optimize the attack range and quantify the attack consequences. Secondly， the Nash equilibrium is solved based on the two-player zero-sum game theory to obtain the optimal attack and defense strategies of the game model. Finally， the simulation is performed on an IEEE 30-node system， and the multi-phase low-cost attack is implemented in different attack scenarios based on the results of the single-phase game. The research findings show that the attack cost spent on the low-cost line is significantly low and affects the stable operation of the power system， which verifies the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed multi-stage attack model.