Recent advances in functional nanostructures as cancer photothermal therapy

Essraa A Hussein,1 Moustafa M Zagho,1 Gheyath K Nasrallah,2,3 Ahmed A Elzatahry1 1Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; 2Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; 3Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar Abstract: Being a non-invasive and relatively safe technique, photothermal therapy has attracted a lot of interest in the cancer treatment field. Recently, nanostructure technology has entered the forefront of cancer therapy owing to its ability to absorb near-infrared radiation as well as efficient light to heat conversion. In this study, key nanostructures for cancer therapy including gold nanoparticles, magnetite iron oxide nanoparticles, organic nanomaterials, and novel two-dimensional nanoagents such as MXenes are discussed. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the characteristics of the nanostructures of these photothermal nanomaterial agents, while focusing on how nanostructures hold potential as cancer therapies. Finally, this review offers promising insight into new cancer therapy approaches, particularly in vivo and in vitro cancer treatments. Keywords: photothermal therapy, nanostructures, near-infrared, plasmonic, cancer therapy