Regeneration of the female reproductive tract using 3D bioprinting technology

Diseases of the female reproductive tract can arise from various congenital or acquired causes and may lead to the loss of tissue, functions, or fertility. Current treatments do not offer permanent solutions, underscoring the need for alternative therapeutic approaches. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emerged as promising strategies for regenerating reproductive tissues and restoring female fertility. 3D bioprinting technology, in particular, has exhibited considerable potential for treating and regenerating the reproductive tract. This review aims to cover current tissue engineering applications for treating various diseases in the female reproductive tract and to highlight the innovative solutions offered by 3D bioprinting technology for the uterus, ovary, cervix, and vagina. By assessing significant studies and advancements in biomaterials and cell sources, this review emphasises the great potential of 3D bioprinting in enhancing reproductive health and fertility.