Multi-factors assessment in COVID-19 patients: Fungal infection, ABO blood group, and age factors

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious and global public health concern. Severity of infection, fatality rates, and treatment responses across different countries, age groups, and demographic groups suggest that the nature of infection is diverse. Objectives: Evaluation of several factors: presence of fungal infection, analysis of ABO blood group distribution pattern, age distribution, percentage of death, and well-being outcome for each blood group patient. Materials and Methods: Data collection included the presence of fungal infection and measurement of its percentage. Classification of patients according to ABO blood group and measuring their mean age distribution and death-wellbeing outcome. Results: This study showed the presence of 5% of fungal infection among the patients. This study showed that the distribution of ABO blood group in 90 patients with COVID-19 was as follows: 38.9% (35), 28.9% (26), 26.7% (24), and 5.6% (5) for O, A, B, and AB blood group patients respectively. The analysis of variance study revealed no significant difference in age distribution between different ABO blood group patients. The outcome for these patients was that 35.6% died and 64.4% recovered. A higher percentage of deaths occurred in patients with B blood group (approximately 45.8%, 11 out of 24 patients) and a lower percentage of deaths noted in patients with A blood group (about 34.6%, 9 out of 26 patients). The higher percentage of recovery was among O blood group patients with 71.4% (25 out of 35 patients). The lower percentage of recovery was among B blood group patients with 54.2% (13 out of 24 patients). Conclusion: This study concluded that despite the higher percentage of COVID-19 infections in patients with O blood group, its high good outcome is promising. On the other hand, this point must be taken into consideration while planning vaccinations, since patients with B blood group have a high percentage of deaths and lower percentage of recovery.