نبذة مختصرة : Abstract Birth registration is a child's basic legal and social right that grants them presence and security in their lifetime. However, it was initiated very recently, and its magnitude has not been well examined in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the magnitude of birth registration of children under two years old in Southwestern Ethiopia. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 689 mothers or caregivers who had children less than 24 months from 15 April 2023 to 05 June 2023. The study was carried out in Bench Sheko Zone, located in the South West Region of Ethiopia. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the factors associated with birth registration. In this study, 26.4%, 95% CI (23.2–29.6%) children were registered for birth. Mothers/caregivers who had a notification about birth registration and certification during pregnancy (AOR = 21.8, 95% CI 11.7–40.9) and information about birth registration after delivery (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.4–11.3) were more likely to register for birth and certification compared to their counterparts while mothers/caregivers who had lower income and poor knowledge were less likely to register for birth and certification of their children. The region's current birth registration rate is low, with only one-fourth of all births registered. Birth notification, information about birth registration, knowledge and income level were all significant predictors of registration. Key strategies such as improving information dissemination, promoting institutional deliveries, empowering economic capacity, and increasing community engagement for improving the current birth registration level are needed to ensure that every child's birth is officially recognized. Subsequently, this will establish a foundation for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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