Pharmacogenomics of Cardiovascular Diseases: The Path to Precision Therapy

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a substantial global health burden, leading to significant morbidity and mortality rates. However, the efficacy and safety of CVD therapies are markedly influenced by individual variability in drug responses and adverse reactions, often attributable to genetic factors. This chapter discusses how pharmacogenomics impacts the safety and efficacy of cardiovascular therapies through advanced genetic testing methods, like genome-wide association studies, polygenic risk scores, and multi-omics analyses. Additionally, the chapter addresses challenges and future perspectives, with a focus on the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in integrating pharmacogenomics and genotype-based personalized interventions into the routine CVD care to improve long-term health outcomes.