Table_1_Associations of micronutrients and lipids with prediabetes and glycemic parameters in adolescent girls of the rural DERVAN cohort (DERVAN-9).DOCX

Background We investigated the associations of micronutrients and lipids with prediabetes, glycemic parameters, and glycemic indices among the adolescent girls of the DERVAN (aDolescent and prEconception health peRspectiVe of Adult Non-communicable diseases) cohort study from rural India. Methods We recruited 1,520 adolescent girls aged 16–18 years. We measured glycemic parameters (glucose, insulin and HbA 1 C), lipids (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides), and micronutrients (vitamin B 12 , folate, and vitamin D). Prediabetes was defined using American Diabetes Association criteria (fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dL or HbA1C ≥5.7%). Glycemic indices (insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, and β cell function) were calculated using the homeostasis model. Associations of prediabetes, glycemic parameters and glycemic indices with micronutrients and lipids were analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. Results The median age and Body Mass Index (BMI) were 16.6 years and 17.6 kg/m 2 , respectively. Overall, 58% of girls had a low BMI. Median vitamin B 12 , folate, and vitamin D concentrations were 249.0 pg/mL, 6.1 ng/mL, and 14.2 ng/mL, respectively. The deficiencies observed were 32.1% for vitamin B 12 , 11.8% for folate, and 33.0% for vitamin D. Median total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride concentrations were 148.0 mg/dL, 81.5 mg/dL, 50.8 mg/dL, and 61.5 mg/dL, respectively. Elevated total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides were observed in 4.8, 4.0, and 3.8%, respectively, while low HDL was observed in 12.8%. Prediabetes was observed in 39.7% of the girls. Among lipids, total cholesterol and LDL were higher in girls with prediabetes (p < 0.01 for both). In a multivariate model containing cholesterol and vitamin B 12 /folate/vitamin D, prediabetes was associated with high cholesterol. Prediabetes was also associated with high LDL, independent of folate and vitamin D. Poor insulin secretion was high in those with low vitamin B 12 . Elevated ...